muthukuribk
Established Member
Forest tree improvement activities have been reported from several countries e.g. Tanzania (Madoffe and Chamshama 1989), Thailand (Wellendorf and Kaosa-ard 1988, Kaosa-ard 1993), India (Chandha and Pat- nik 1990, Kumaravelu 1993), Indonesia (Harahap and Soerianegara 1977, Suhaendi 1990, Indonesia Forest State Enterprise 1993), Myanmar (Htun and Kaufmann 1980, Gyi 1993), Bangladesh (Huk and Banik 1990, Banik 1993), Papua New Guinea (Cameron 1968), Sri Lanka (Maddugoda 1993), China (Bingchao and Shuzhen 1993) and Costa Rica (Gamboa and Montoya 1992).
Teak is interesting from a tree improvement point of view because:
(i) it is used on a large scale,
(ii) the timber is of high value,
(iii) it is normally regenerated artificially, which allows introduction of improved genetic material. Cop- picing is used in parts of India, and introduction of improved material in these parts will require a new silvicultural practice.
The costs of improving teak are unfortunately increased by poor fruit setting capacity and low seed qua- lity. The seed shortage is increased by wasteful nursery practices, which (with present technique) only pro- duce one seedling per 20 sown fruits. Wellendorf and Kaosa-ard (1988) estimated (assuming planting of 800 - 1500 stumps/ha) a seed demand of 8 - 15 kg teak seed per ha of plantation to be afforested. Kaosa- ard (1991) has calculated that this would require at least 1 ha clonal seed orchard for each 16 ha plantation to be established annually. The seed consumption varies between countries and regions due to differences in germination percent and nursery technique. Srimathi and Emmanuel (1986) report a survey from India,
where the average seed consumption per ha planting varied between 2.5 kg seed in Tamil Nadu (Southern India) to 30 kg per ha in Andhra Pradesh and 43 kgs in Gujarat (Central India). Part of these large dif- ferences is due to differences in germination percentage, but it must also be due to sub-optimal nursery technique. A substantial reduction in seed consumption through improved nursery technique should there- fore be possible. This would be very beneficial from a tree improvement point of view, as it would reduce the required seed orchard area.
Teak is a slow growing species, and tree improvement therefore a long term investment. The rotation age is traditionally high (60 - 100 years). Application of improved material will reduce the rotation age, because of the improved growth rate. The rotation age of teak plantings grown for traditional products could therefore be reduced to 40-50 years by using improved planting stock. Still, ten to fifteen years may pass from the ini- tiation of an improvement programme before the first improved seeds are available, and another 40-50 years will then pass before the timber from the first rotation of improved planting stock is harvested.
The slow growth rate of the species is a drawback in a tree improvement context for two reasons: the in- ternal rate ofreturn (IRR) may be low due to the discounting factor, even if the tree improvement activities result in a large increase in annual value production on harvesting. Further, the superior plus trees will be selected at a mature stage, but their breeding value will be assessed from progeny tests (collecting seeds from the plus trees and growing them under field trial conditions), and these must be evaluated at a young stage in order to save time. One must therefore rely on a good concordance between the juvenile performance and the performance at harvesting age.
The preferred rotation age may change in the future due to the development of new products like joinery or parquet floors. New plantation programmes in Costa Rica and Brazil plan rotation ages of 20-30 years. The end use is expected to be wood products, based on small dimension timber.
AGRICULTURE SECTOR: Everybody should accept that, the economical growth of every country is depend upon the growth of the Agriculture growth of the country. The remaining sectors growth is also mainly connected with Agriculture sector. It is naked truth, that the farmer and other investors of the Agriculture sector people are satisfying with their minimum returns and some of them are with may be loss in profits. It is true, that there is no FARMER, nothing in this world. Although with expected losses, the farmer is not leaving their Agricultural practices. Moreover, from day to day by implementing innovative methods, the farmer is feeding the whole world of population. It is proving that the Agriculture sector is also becoming very heavy to the farmers, and the other investors of the connected sector.
*
* * * * *In this connection, the MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD. BANGALORE. xpected returns for their investment.
*
* * * * Now a days, and for forthcoming years wood industry plays an important role in the economical growth of individual, and also to every country. In wood industry “TEAK WOOD” would be played the prominent role.
*
* * * *In India, America, and Abroad many more surveys are saying that, the economical growth in investment of raising TEAK plantations are the best investment. But, the Teak plantations not with the seed based stumps, but with the high yielding varieties selected clones, that also propagated through tissue culture technique. It is proved that only through clonal teak tissue culture plantations, we can get optimum results in yield. In forthcoming days Teak wood would be the “GOLD OF WOOD”. To meet the future demands of TEAK wood, we the MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD. BANGALORE.
, is “ONE AND ONLY” in India and Abroad in mass production of selected clones of TEAK tissue culture plants.
*
* * *So, DEAR INVESTORS, please think at once, and don’t hesitate to invest your valuable money in raising of TEAK plantations through the selected clones of Teak tissue culture plants, produced through MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD. BANGALORE.
We are one and only high yielding tissue culture teak producers in India & abroad
*
*
BALAKRISHNA MUTHUKURI
MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD.
BANGALORE.
+919035003471
Teak is interesting from a tree improvement point of view because:
(i) it is used on a large scale,
(ii) the timber is of high value,
(iii) it is normally regenerated artificially, which allows introduction of improved genetic material. Cop- picing is used in parts of India, and introduction of improved material in these parts will require a new silvicultural practice.
The costs of improving teak are unfortunately increased by poor fruit setting capacity and low seed qua- lity. The seed shortage is increased by wasteful nursery practices, which (with present technique) only pro- duce one seedling per 20 sown fruits. Wellendorf and Kaosa-ard (1988) estimated (assuming planting of 800 - 1500 stumps/ha) a seed demand of 8 - 15 kg teak seed per ha of plantation to be afforested. Kaosa- ard (1991) has calculated that this would require at least 1 ha clonal seed orchard for each 16 ha plantation to be established annually. The seed consumption varies between countries and regions due to differences in germination percent and nursery technique. Srimathi and Emmanuel (1986) report a survey from India,
where the average seed consumption per ha planting varied between 2.5 kg seed in Tamil Nadu (Southern India) to 30 kg per ha in Andhra Pradesh and 43 kgs in Gujarat (Central India). Part of these large dif- ferences is due to differences in germination percentage, but it must also be due to sub-optimal nursery technique. A substantial reduction in seed consumption through improved nursery technique should there- fore be possible. This would be very beneficial from a tree improvement point of view, as it would reduce the required seed orchard area.
Teak is a slow growing species, and tree improvement therefore a long term investment. The rotation age is traditionally high (60 - 100 years). Application of improved material will reduce the rotation age, because of the improved growth rate. The rotation age of teak plantings grown for traditional products could therefore be reduced to 40-50 years by using improved planting stock. Still, ten to fifteen years may pass from the ini- tiation of an improvement programme before the first improved seeds are available, and another 40-50 years will then pass before the timber from the first rotation of improved planting stock is harvested.
The slow growth rate of the species is a drawback in a tree improvement context for two reasons: the in- ternal rate ofreturn (IRR) may be low due to the discounting factor, even if the tree improvement activities result in a large increase in annual value production on harvesting. Further, the superior plus trees will be selected at a mature stage, but their breeding value will be assessed from progeny tests (collecting seeds from the plus trees and growing them under field trial conditions), and these must be evaluated at a young stage in order to save time. One must therefore rely on a good concordance between the juvenile performance and the performance at harvesting age.
The preferred rotation age may change in the future due to the development of new products like joinery or parquet floors. New plantation programmes in Costa Rica and Brazil plan rotation ages of 20-30 years. The end use is expected to be wood products, based on small dimension timber.
AGRICULTURE SECTOR: Everybody should accept that, the economical growth of every country is depend upon the growth of the Agriculture growth of the country. The remaining sectors growth is also mainly connected with Agriculture sector. It is naked truth, that the farmer and other investors of the Agriculture sector people are satisfying with their minimum returns and some of them are with may be loss in profits. It is true, that there is no FARMER, nothing in this world. Although with expected losses, the farmer is not leaving their Agricultural practices. Moreover, from day to day by implementing innovative methods, the farmer is feeding the whole world of population. It is proving that the Agriculture sector is also becoming very heavy to the farmers, and the other investors of the connected sector.
*
* * * * *In this connection, the MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD. BANGALORE. xpected returns for their investment.
*
* * * * Now a days, and for forthcoming years wood industry plays an important role in the economical growth of individual, and also to every country. In wood industry “TEAK WOOD” would be played the prominent role.
*
* * * *In India, America, and Abroad many more surveys are saying that, the economical growth in investment of raising TEAK plantations are the best investment. But, the Teak plantations not with the seed based stumps, but with the high yielding varieties selected clones, that also propagated through tissue culture technique. It is proved that only through clonal teak tissue culture plantations, we can get optimum results in yield. In forthcoming days Teak wood would be the “GOLD OF WOOD”. To meet the future demands of TEAK wood, we the MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD. BANGALORE.
, is “ONE AND ONLY” in India and Abroad in mass production of selected clones of TEAK tissue culture plants.
*
* * *So, DEAR INVESTORS, please think at once, and don’t hesitate to invest your valuable money in raising of TEAK plantations through the selected clones of Teak tissue culture plants, produced through MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD. BANGALORE.
We are one and only high yielding tissue culture teak producers in India & abroad
*
*
BALAKRISHNA MUTHUKURI
MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD.
BANGALORE.
+919035003471
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