muthukuribk
Established Member
Growth Rates
Modest growth rates are reported for teak plantations. Under favorable conditions in early life, a plantation may exhibit growth rates of between 10 and 20 m3 per hectare per year. However, growth falls to the general reported level of 4 to 8 m3 per hectare per year as the plantation ages (Htwe, 1999; Cao, 1999). On the best sites in Myanmar and India, 50-year-old plantations exhibit heights of 30 m and diameter at breast height (DBH) of 60 cm. Some growth parameters for teak grown in Malaysia are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2. Performance of teak at Mata Air Station, Perlis, Malaysia
Height growth 4 m in the first year
Diameter growth 1.5-2 cm per year
DBH at 15 years 25-35 cm
Total height at 15 years 22-25 m
Clear bole at 15 years 12 m
Volume per tree at 15 years 0.50 m3
Long rotations in teak plantations appear essential if the high potential value of the heartwood is to be realized. Studies in India found that the heartwood content of 51- to 52-year-old trees was 77 percent, whereas for eight-year-old trees it was only 30 percent (Bhat, 1997). The same studies also showed a positive correlation of heartwood percentage with ring width (0.73) and with DBH (0.46), indicating that faster growth rates were associated with higher heartwood content and, by implication, higher-value timber. These results suggest that longer rotations are necessary for producing high-value logs but that faster growth rates may be beneficial to the value of the timber. As plantation wood has become more common the acceptance and demand for sapwood has been increasing. The rate of growth of wood can slow considerably after 30 to 35 years so optimum harvest time for maximum economical yield is between 25 and 35 years.
Bole Form
The phenomenon of fluting (irregular involutions and swellings) in the teak stem has been observed in a number of plantations. In an international provenance trial the mean heritability value of stem straightness was found to be 0.83, indicating that the character for stem straightness is strongly controlled by provenance and is thus genetically inherited (Kaosa-ard, 1999). Hence, fluting can be minimized if the appropriate provenance is used in breeding trials to produce plants that exhibit straight stems.
The most important form characteristic determining the value of teak logs is the length of the clear bole, which is determined by the timing of flowering. Flowering - representing the transition from production of vegetative structures only to the production of reproductive structures - occurs in response to certain environmental signals. Flowering by the terminal shoot is then immediately followed by the initiation of the whorl of branches. Selection for late flowering seed stock has been suggested as a means of maximizing the duration of the vegetative period, also the management strategies as discussed later are generally employed to maximize the length of the clear bole.
We are one and only high yielding tissue culture teak producers across the Globe.
*
*
BALAKRISHNA MUTHUKURI
MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD.
BANGALORE.
+919035003471
+91 9908286565
Modest growth rates are reported for teak plantations. Under favorable conditions in early life, a plantation may exhibit growth rates of between 10 and 20 m3 per hectare per year. However, growth falls to the general reported level of 4 to 8 m3 per hectare per year as the plantation ages (Htwe, 1999; Cao, 1999). On the best sites in Myanmar and India, 50-year-old plantations exhibit heights of 30 m and diameter at breast height (DBH) of 60 cm. Some growth parameters for teak grown in Malaysia are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2. Performance of teak at Mata Air Station, Perlis, Malaysia
Height growth 4 m in the first year
Diameter growth 1.5-2 cm per year
DBH at 15 years 25-35 cm
Total height at 15 years 22-25 m
Clear bole at 15 years 12 m
Volume per tree at 15 years 0.50 m3
Long rotations in teak plantations appear essential if the high potential value of the heartwood is to be realized. Studies in India found that the heartwood content of 51- to 52-year-old trees was 77 percent, whereas for eight-year-old trees it was only 30 percent (Bhat, 1997). The same studies also showed a positive correlation of heartwood percentage with ring width (0.73) and with DBH (0.46), indicating that faster growth rates were associated with higher heartwood content and, by implication, higher-value timber. These results suggest that longer rotations are necessary for producing high-value logs but that faster growth rates may be beneficial to the value of the timber. As plantation wood has become more common the acceptance and demand for sapwood has been increasing. The rate of growth of wood can slow considerably after 30 to 35 years so optimum harvest time for maximum economical yield is between 25 and 35 years.
Bole Form
The phenomenon of fluting (irregular involutions and swellings) in the teak stem has been observed in a number of plantations. In an international provenance trial the mean heritability value of stem straightness was found to be 0.83, indicating that the character for stem straightness is strongly controlled by provenance and is thus genetically inherited (Kaosa-ard, 1999). Hence, fluting can be minimized if the appropriate provenance is used in breeding trials to produce plants that exhibit straight stems.
The most important form characteristic determining the value of teak logs is the length of the clear bole, which is determined by the timing of flowering. Flowering - representing the transition from production of vegetative structures only to the production of reproductive structures - occurs in response to certain environmental signals. Flowering by the terminal shoot is then immediately followed by the initiation of the whorl of branches. Selection for late flowering seed stock has been suggested as a means of maximizing the duration of the vegetative period, also the management strategies as discussed later are generally employed to maximize the length of the clear bole.
We are one and only high yielding tissue culture teak producers across the Globe.
*
*
BALAKRISHNA MUTHUKURI
MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD.
BANGALORE.
+919035003471
+91 9908286565
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admaSri" award from President of India for the high yield casurina TC propagation.and also he is not a doctorate in agri & horti .He rendered miracle service to the farmers in the way of high yield i.e 200 tons per acre .This is the record break in the arboriculture in india by a ordinary farmer not by scientist like you.Another one farmer from Virdhunagar named sri Dhanaskodi Nadar .He is a ordinary merchant .He has done revolution in horti sectot like new variety of "sabota "