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Vertical Farming in India. The Concept of VERTICAL FARMING refers to the practice of producing food in vertical integrated or not in other facilities specially built or pre-existing In this perspective the vertical farm is therefore predominantly Urban Agricultural. Recent trends, have extended the concept to many and different production methods, which share the choice of using the space vertically to four important and undesirable indication. the deterioration of agricultural soils; linked to intensive production techniques; the growing demand for food due to the steady growth of the World population which increases at the rate of 80 million people a year; the continuing growth of the Urban population; it is estimated that by the year 2050 nearly 80% of the earth’s population will reside in Urban Centers resulting in exponential expansion of soil; the rapid climate change, which causes the increase of desertification and the rising of sea levels, which could decrease the arable land. Vertical Farming not only uses one layer of the growing space, but utilizes the entire volume of space, from the floor up. Urban Agriculture Urban Agriculture (UA) and peri-urban agriculture can be defined as the growing, processing and distribution of food and other products through plant cultivation and seldom raising livestock in and around cities for feeding local population. Sustainable Development Goals:- 1) End Poverty in all its forms everywhere; 2) End Hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture; 3) Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns; 4) Protect, restore and promote sustainable use terrestrial ecosystems, sustainable manage forest, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss. 5) UA provides a mechanism for improving urban food security and providing entrepreneurship opportunities for low-income individuals in creating sustainable food patterns Types of Hydroponic System. 1. The basic method of hydroponic is Static Aerated Technique (SAT). Also referred to as a Passive Technique. Plants are grown in a depth of static nutrient solution, which is aerated by providing air space in the root zone or by pumping air into the nutrient solution in the tank. 2. Ebb and Flow Technique (EFT) Flood & Drain Technique EFT is the same as Static Aerated Technique SAT, but the nutrient solution in drained off 3-4 times a day to permit the roots to breathe. 3. Deep Flow Technique (DFT) The depth of nutrient solution (4-6 cm) is circulated around the roots either by gravity or by using a pump. This technique is also referred to as Dynamic Root Floatation Technique and as Raceways Hydroponics. 4. Drip Irrigation Technique (DIT) Grown in inert or organic material and the nutrient solution are fed around the root system 6-7 times a day, in drops or trickles. This technique is called as Drip Fertigation Technique. 5. Aerated Flow Technique (AFT) a modified version of DFT, the nutrient solution is amply aerated by special mechanisms. The Japanese Kyowa Hyponica Technique is somewhat similar to AFT. 6. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) This technique helps the root system with a thin film of nutrient solution which is always in contact with the roots while the nutrient solutions circulates and the root surface is exposed to air. 7. Root Mist Technique (RMT) A nutrient mist solution is sprayed every 4-5 minutes onto the roots of the plants that hang from frame in a root chamber. This technique is known as Aeroponics. This technique is good for starting roots, cuttings and also for extracting (milking) in the pharmaceutical industry. 8. Fog Feed Technique (FFT) This technique is similar to RMT but the nutrient solution droplet size is very minute. This technique is good for plants having aerial roots. Example: orchids, anthuriums, etc. Advantages in Hydroponics. 1.The possibility of obtaining more produce in less time than using traditional agriculture; 2.The possibility of growing plants more closely; 3.Possibility of growing the same plant species repeatedly because there is no soil weakening; 4.Plants have a balanced supply of air, water and nutrients; 5.More produce/surface unit is obtained; 6.Cleaner and fresher products can be harvested; 7.Production can be timed more effectively to satisfy market demand; 8.Healthier products can be produced; 9.Products are more unaffected to diseases; 10.Natural or Biological control can be employed; 11.Soil borne pest (fungi) and diseases can be eliminated; 12.Troublesome weeds and stray seedlings which the result in the need for herbicides use and increase labor cost can also be eliminated.; 13.Reduction of health risks associated with pest management and soil care; 14.Reduced turnaround time between planting as no soil preparation is required; 15.Stable and significantly increased yields and shorter crop maturation cycle. 16.Can be utilized by families’ with small or no back garden space; 17.When water is used as the substrate: a. no soil is needed; b. the water stays in the system and can be reused – thus, lower water costs; c. It is possible to control the nutrition level in their entirely – thus. Lower nutrition costs; d. No nutrition pollution is released into the environment because of the controlled system; 18.Pests and disease are easier to get rid of because of container mobility.