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WHY THE CLONES ARE BEST IN TEAK?
ARTICLE – 4
TISSUE CULTURE STRATEGIES FOR QUALITY PLANTING STOCK PRODUCTION OF TEAK : By Dr. R. Yasodha, Dr. R. Sumathi, Dr. K. Gurumurthi of Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Forest Genetics and tree Breeding , Coimbatore.
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INTRODUCTION: Tectona grandis is a valuable timber species grown on a larges scale by State forest departments, private companies and farmers in India. The annual planting target of teak in India is about 1.2 million hectares. Planting stock production is by seed, although there are many disadvantages, including poor fruit production, empty fruits and a low germination rate (Joshi and Kelker, 1971; Gupta and Kumar, 1976). Reliable seed sources area also limited. Various vegetative propagation methods like grafting, budding and rooting of cuttings are being practiced for teak multiplication (Rawat and Kedharnath, 1968; Nautiyal et al., 1991, 1992; Nautiyal and Rawat,1994; Goh and Monteuuis, 1997).
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* * * * * * However, the quality of production is limited because of the poor rooting of cuttings collected directly from mature trees without any pretreatment for rejuvenation, limited availability of rootstocks and intensive maintenance of stock plants. Further, higher rooting percent is achieved with specific type of shoot cutting only (Monteuuis, 1995). Micro propagation as a tool for clonal propagation of teak to overcome these problems has been advocated (Monteuuis et al., 1987, 1993; Devi et al., 1988; Tiwari et al., 2002). Although commercial level production strategies are worked out for the mass micropropagation of teak (Monteuuis et al., 1998)., detailed methodologies have not been available. In the present study, we have developed a comprehensive method to amplify the genetically improved seeds obtained from clonal seed orchard, which can be used on a commercial scale.
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GENETIC UNIFORMITY ANALYSIS: Reliable techniques to assess genetic uniformity of the tissue culture plant are highly desirable in clonal propagation of tree species. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) which does not require prior information on sequence and produces highly reproducible polymorphisms have been used to test the quality of tissue culture plants (Leroy et al., 2001).
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COMMERCIAL PROPAGATION STRATEGY SUGGESTED FOR TEAK: Commercial micro propagation is already practiced world-wide for many ornamentals, horticultural crops and forestry species. Thorpe et al., (1991) suggested the importance of micro propagation for the commercial production of forest trees, as it is an integral part in any tree improvement program. Results reported here constitute a promising step towards large-scale in vitro propagation of a species in which conventional propagation has been very difficult.
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* * * *As a present Indian tissue culture units are mainly involved in propagation of crops and ornamentals for export markets. However, in recent years, production for the domestic market has increased from 10% to 40% Kumar 1994). Also availability of labor at much cheaper rates encourages tissue culture propagation in India. Most of commercial propagation laboratories are situated in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, where teak is grown extensively (Govil and Gupta, 1997). The capacity of these units could be utilized for multiplication of teak, to enhance the availability of improved planting stock.
Please contact
BALAKRISHNA MUTHUKURI
MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD.
BANGALORE.
+919035003471
+91 9908286565
ARTICLE – 4
TISSUE CULTURE STRATEGIES FOR QUALITY PLANTING STOCK PRODUCTION OF TEAK : By Dr. R. Yasodha, Dr. R. Sumathi, Dr. K. Gurumurthi of Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Forest Genetics and tree Breeding , Coimbatore.
*
INTRODUCTION: Tectona grandis is a valuable timber species grown on a larges scale by State forest departments, private companies and farmers in India. The annual planting target of teak in India is about 1.2 million hectares. Planting stock production is by seed, although there are many disadvantages, including poor fruit production, empty fruits and a low germination rate (Joshi and Kelker, 1971; Gupta and Kumar, 1976). Reliable seed sources area also limited. Various vegetative propagation methods like grafting, budding and rooting of cuttings are being practiced for teak multiplication (Rawat and Kedharnath, 1968; Nautiyal et al., 1991, 1992; Nautiyal and Rawat,1994; Goh and Monteuuis, 1997).
* * * * * *
* * * * * * However, the quality of production is limited because of the poor rooting of cuttings collected directly from mature trees without any pretreatment for rejuvenation, limited availability of rootstocks and intensive maintenance of stock plants. Further, higher rooting percent is achieved with specific type of shoot cutting only (Monteuuis, 1995). Micro propagation as a tool for clonal propagation of teak to overcome these problems has been advocated (Monteuuis et al., 1987, 1993; Devi et al., 1988; Tiwari et al., 2002). Although commercial level production strategies are worked out for the mass micropropagation of teak (Monteuuis et al., 1998)., detailed methodologies have not been available. In the present study, we have developed a comprehensive method to amplify the genetically improved seeds obtained from clonal seed orchard, which can be used on a commercial scale.
*
GENETIC UNIFORMITY ANALYSIS: Reliable techniques to assess genetic uniformity of the tissue culture plant are highly desirable in clonal propagation of tree species. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) which does not require prior information on sequence and produces highly reproducible polymorphisms have been used to test the quality of tissue culture plants (Leroy et al., 2001).
*
COMMERCIAL PROPAGATION STRATEGY SUGGESTED FOR TEAK: Commercial micro propagation is already practiced world-wide for many ornamentals, horticultural crops and forestry species. Thorpe et al., (1991) suggested the importance of micro propagation for the commercial production of forest trees, as it is an integral part in any tree improvement program. Results reported here constitute a promising step towards large-scale in vitro propagation of a species in which conventional propagation has been very difficult.
*
* * * *As a present Indian tissue culture units are mainly involved in propagation of crops and ornamentals for export markets. However, in recent years, production for the domestic market has increased from 10% to 40% Kumar 1994). Also availability of labor at much cheaper rates encourages tissue culture propagation in India. Most of commercial propagation laboratories are situated in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, where teak is grown extensively (Govil and Gupta, 1997). The capacity of these units could be utilized for multiplication of teak, to enhance the availability of improved planting stock.
Please contact
BALAKRISHNA MUTHUKURI
MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD.
BANGALORE.
+919035003471
+91 9908286565
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