pradipraje
New Member
Hello, information for pomogranate (cultivation to harvesting)
Pomogranate cultivation
- Thread starter pradipraje
- Start date
Hello Sir
Pomegranate grows well under semi-arid conditions and can be grown upto an altitude of 500 m. above m.s.l.
It thrives well under hot, dry summer and cold winter provided irrigation facilities are available.
The tree requires hot and dry climate during fruit development and ripening.
It can tolerate frost to a considerable extent in dormant stage, but is injured at temperature below - 110 C.
Soil: Well drained, sandy loan to deep loamy or alluvial soils is suitable for cultivation.
Varieties:Important pomegranate varieties cultivated in India are Alandi or Vadki, Dholka, Kandhari, Kabul, Muskati Red, Paper Shelled, Spanish Ruby, Ganesh (GB I), G 137, P 23, P 26, Mridula, Aarakta, Jyoti, Ruby, IIHR Selection, Yercaud 1 and Co 1,Bhagwa.
Land Preparation: Land is prepared by ploughing, harrowing, leveling and removing weeds.
Planting season: Air layering is usually done during the rainy season and also in November-December.
Planting is usually done in spring (February-March) and July-August in sub-tropical and tropical regions respectively.
Spacing:High density planting is adopted in temperate regions.
A spacing of 5-6 m. in northern India and also in the plains of Deccan plateau is usually followed.
High density planting with a spacing gives 2-2.5 times more yield than that obtained when the normal planting distance of 5 X 5 m. is adopted.
Farmers have adopted a spacing of 2.5 X 4.5 m.
Closer spacing increases disease and pest incidence.
Planting Method:Square system of planting is mostly adopted.
Planting distance is decided on the basis of soil type and climate. A spacing of 4-5 m. on marginal and very light soils is recommended.
Pits of 60 X 60 X 60 cm. size are dug (at a spacing of 5 cm. in square system) about a month prior to planting and kept open under the sun for a fortnight. About 50 g. of 5% BHC or carbaryl dust is dusted on the bottom and sides of the pits as a pre-caution against termites.
The pits are filled with top soil mixed with 20 kg. farmyard manure and 1 kg. super phosphate. After filling the pit, watering is done to allow soil to settle down. Cuttings/air layers are then planted and staked.
Irrigation is provided immediately after planting.
Nutrition:The recommended fertilizer dose is 600-700 g. N, 200-250 g. P2O5 and 200-250 g. K2O /tree/year. Application of 10 kg. farmyard manure and 75 g. ammonium sulphate to 5 year old tree annually is adequate , whereas application of 50 kg. farmyard manure and 3.5 kg. oil cake or 1 kg. sulphate of ammonia prior to flowering is ideal for healthy growth and fruiting.
The time of application is December/January for ambe bahar, May/June for Mrig bahar and October/November for hasthe bahar.
The basal dose of farmyard manure @ 25-40 cart-loads /ha. besides the recommended doses of N, P and K should be applied to non-bearing trees in 3 split doses coinciding with growth of flushes during January, June and September.
Fruiting should be encouraged from fourth year onwards. Nitrogenous fertilizer is applied in two split doses starting at the time of first irrigation after bahar treatment and next at 3 weeks interval, whereas full dose of P and K should be applied at one time.
These should be applied in a shallow circular trench below tree canopy not beyond a depth of 8-10 cm. After application, fertilizers are covered with top soil and irrigated.
Irrigation:First irrigation is provided in case of mrig bahar crop in the middle of May followed by regular irrigation till the monsoon sets in. Weekly irrigation in summers and that during winters at fortnightly intervals is recommended. The check basin system of irrigation is usually followed.
Drip Irrigation:The average annual water requirement through drip irrigation is 20 cm. Drip irrigation helps to save 44% on irrigation and 64% when sugarcane trash mulch is used. It also helps to increase the yield by 30-35%.
Training
lants are trained on a single stem or in multi-stem system. Since the crops trained on single stem training system are more susceptible to pests viz. stem borer and shoot hole borer, the other system is more prevalent in the country.
Pruningruning is not much required except for removal of ground suckers , water shoots, cross branches , dead and diseased twigs and also to give shape to the tree. A little thinning and pruning of old spurs is done to encourage growth of new ones.
Inter-cropping:Inter-cropping with low growing vegetables, pulses or green manure crops is beneficial. In arid regions, inter-cropping is possible only during the rainy season, whereas winter vegetables are feasible in irrigated areas.
Regulation of bearingomegranate plants flower and provide fruits throughout the year in central and southern India.
Depending on patterns of precipitation, flowering can be induced during June-July (mrig bahar), September-October (hasta bahar) and January-February (ambe bahar).
In areas having assured rainfall where precipitation is normally received in June and continues upto September, flowering in June is advantageous; where monsoon normally starts in August, flowering during August is beneficial. Areas having assured irrigation potential during April-May, flowering during January can be taken and where monsoon starts early and withdraws by September induction of flowering in October is possible.
Insect Pests:Insect pests mostly observed are fruit borer, mealy bugs, aphids, white fly and fruit sucking moths. Spraying with dimethoate , deltamethrin or malathion etc. depending upon the type of pest infestation has been found to be effective in most cases.
Diseases:The main diseases reported are leaf spot and fruit rot. Application of Mancozeb (2g./l.) during rainy season in case of the former and application of Kavach (2g./l) and Carbendazim/Thiophanate methyl/Baycor/Benomyl (1g./l.) during September/October in case of the latter has been found to be effective in most cases.
Fruit cracking is a serious disorder.
This physiological disorder observed in young fruits is due to boron deficiency and that in fully grown fruits is mainly due to moisture imbalances. Tolerant varieties viz. Bedana Bose and Khog may be cultivated and in other cases spraying with calcium hydroxide soon after fruit set has been found to be beneficial.
Harvesting and Yieldomegranate being a non-climacteric fruit should be picked when fully ripe.
Pomegranate plants take 4-5 years to come into bearing.
Harvesting of immature or over mature fruits affects the quality of the fruits.
The fruits become ready for picking 120-130 days after fruit set.
The calyx at the distal end of the fruit gets closed on maturity.
At maturity, the fruits turn yellowish-red and get suppressed on sides.
Pomegranate grows well under semi-arid conditions and can be grown upto an altitude of 500 m. above m.s.l.
It thrives well under hot, dry summer and cold winter provided irrigation facilities are available.
The tree requires hot and dry climate during fruit development and ripening.
It can tolerate frost to a considerable extent in dormant stage, but is injured at temperature below - 110 C.
Soil: Well drained, sandy loan to deep loamy or alluvial soils is suitable for cultivation.
Varieties:Important pomegranate varieties cultivated in India are Alandi or Vadki, Dholka, Kandhari, Kabul, Muskati Red, Paper Shelled, Spanish Ruby, Ganesh (GB I), G 137, P 23, P 26, Mridula, Aarakta, Jyoti, Ruby, IIHR Selection, Yercaud 1 and Co 1,Bhagwa.
Land Preparation: Land is prepared by ploughing, harrowing, leveling and removing weeds.
Planting season: Air layering is usually done during the rainy season and also in November-December.
Planting is usually done in spring (February-March) and July-August in sub-tropical and tropical regions respectively.
Spacing:High density planting is adopted in temperate regions.
A spacing of 5-6 m. in northern India and also in the plains of Deccan plateau is usually followed.
High density planting with a spacing gives 2-2.5 times more yield than that obtained when the normal planting distance of 5 X 5 m. is adopted.
Farmers have adopted a spacing of 2.5 X 4.5 m.
Closer spacing increases disease and pest incidence.
Planting Method:Square system of planting is mostly adopted.
Planting distance is decided on the basis of soil type and climate. A spacing of 4-5 m. on marginal and very light soils is recommended.
Pits of 60 X 60 X 60 cm. size are dug (at a spacing of 5 cm. in square system) about a month prior to planting and kept open under the sun for a fortnight. About 50 g. of 5% BHC or carbaryl dust is dusted on the bottom and sides of the pits as a pre-caution against termites.
The pits are filled with top soil mixed with 20 kg. farmyard manure and 1 kg. super phosphate. After filling the pit, watering is done to allow soil to settle down. Cuttings/air layers are then planted and staked.
Irrigation is provided immediately after planting.
Nutrition:The recommended fertilizer dose is 600-700 g. N, 200-250 g. P2O5 and 200-250 g. K2O /tree/year. Application of 10 kg. farmyard manure and 75 g. ammonium sulphate to 5 year old tree annually is adequate , whereas application of 50 kg. farmyard manure and 3.5 kg. oil cake or 1 kg. sulphate of ammonia prior to flowering is ideal for healthy growth and fruiting.
The time of application is December/January for ambe bahar, May/June for Mrig bahar and October/November for hasthe bahar.
The basal dose of farmyard manure @ 25-40 cart-loads /ha. besides the recommended doses of N, P and K should be applied to non-bearing trees in 3 split doses coinciding with growth of flushes during January, June and September.
Fruiting should be encouraged from fourth year onwards. Nitrogenous fertilizer is applied in two split doses starting at the time of first irrigation after bahar treatment and next at 3 weeks interval, whereas full dose of P and K should be applied at one time.
These should be applied in a shallow circular trench below tree canopy not beyond a depth of 8-10 cm. After application, fertilizers are covered with top soil and irrigated.
Irrigation:First irrigation is provided in case of mrig bahar crop in the middle of May followed by regular irrigation till the monsoon sets in. Weekly irrigation in summers and that during winters at fortnightly intervals is recommended. The check basin system of irrigation is usually followed.
Drip Irrigation:The average annual water requirement through drip irrigation is 20 cm. Drip irrigation helps to save 44% on irrigation and 64% when sugarcane trash mulch is used. It also helps to increase the yield by 30-35%.
Training
lants are trained on a single stem or in multi-stem system. Since the crops trained on single stem training system are more susceptible to pests viz. stem borer and shoot hole borer, the other system is more prevalent in the country.Pruning
runing is not much required except for removal of ground suckers , water shoots, cross branches , dead and diseased twigs and also to give shape to the tree. A little thinning and pruning of old spurs is done to encourage growth of new ones.Inter-cropping:Inter-cropping with low growing vegetables, pulses or green manure crops is beneficial. In arid regions, inter-cropping is possible only during the rainy season, whereas winter vegetables are feasible in irrigated areas.
Regulation of bearing
omegranate plants flower and provide fruits throughout the year in central and southern India. Depending on patterns of precipitation, flowering can be induced during June-July (mrig bahar), September-October (hasta bahar) and January-February (ambe bahar).
In areas having assured rainfall where precipitation is normally received in June and continues upto September, flowering in June is advantageous; where monsoon normally starts in August, flowering during August is beneficial. Areas having assured irrigation potential during April-May, flowering during January can be taken and where monsoon starts early and withdraws by September induction of flowering in October is possible.
Insect Pests:Insect pests mostly observed are fruit borer, mealy bugs, aphids, white fly and fruit sucking moths. Spraying with dimethoate , deltamethrin or malathion etc. depending upon the type of pest infestation has been found to be effective in most cases.
Diseases:The main diseases reported are leaf spot and fruit rot. Application of Mancozeb (2g./l.) during rainy season in case of the former and application of Kavach (2g./l) and Carbendazim/Thiophanate methyl/Baycor/Benomyl (1g./l.) during September/October in case of the latter has been found to be effective in most cases.
Fruit cracking is a serious disorder.
This physiological disorder observed in young fruits is due to boron deficiency and that in fully grown fruits is mainly due to moisture imbalances. Tolerant varieties viz. Bedana Bose and Khog may be cultivated and in other cases spraying with calcium hydroxide soon after fruit set has been found to be beneficial.
Harvesting and Yield
omegranate being a non-climacteric fruit should be picked when fully ripe.Pomegranate plants take 4-5 years to come into bearing.
Harvesting of immature or over mature fruits affects the quality of the fruits.
The fruits become ready for picking 120-130 days after fruit set.
The calyx at the distal end of the fruit gets closed on maturity.
At maturity, the fruits turn yellowish-red and get suppressed on sides.
vrkrishnan78
Active Member
Dear Member
Please contact i can give you suggestions.
Regards
T.V.Radhakrishnan
8108181567
vrkrishnan78@rediffmail.com
Please contact i can give you suggestions.
Regards
T.V.Radhakrishnan
8108181567
vrkrishnan78@rediffmail.com
ananyaagrotech
Senior Member
kirthi gave maximum details. some more details rhease detailsmay be help to you . pomegranate cultivation well drain sandy light soil is best.it requires dancing shadow no direct sun light,no direct shadow. fruit production 3 to 5 years 70 to 80 fruits per year per tree..5 to 7 years 80 to.100 fruits per tree per year .7 to 10 years 100 to 200 fruits per year per tree.. genrally all are planting 194 plants per acer.no inter crops in pomegranate plantations..in our dence planting method 242 or 302 plants per acer depending on soil type.and sutable inter crops .4 to 5 types of inter crops 1 type of plants 75 nos 2&3 type of plants 302nos each,4th type of plants 906nos, 5th type of plants 1510nos ,as inter crops acomodate . in that same acer land. these sutable inter crops support the main crop for increase production.and inter crops give additional income through the production.in our method power saving,water saving,througout the year good fruit production. low maintanance.more income.it is natutal organic method you get fruit good quality,good size,good price.. in this method initial investment after that low maintanance high income. we are giving consultancy please contact ananyaagrotech@yahoo.co.in.