muthukuribk
Established Member
SUMMARY ON PLANT PROPAGATION METHODS
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Introduction:
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Since long ago, plants acts like mother to our nature. Plants are very helpful in agriculture, horticulture; forestry and medical sector. We are in very need of plants to balance the temperature. So, there is an urgent need to develop newer technologies for propagation of high, valuable, true – to – type and hybrid varieties of plants and also there is a need to conserve our native important species of plants.
*
Methods of plant propagation:
*
Plants can be mainly propagated by the following methods:
*
Propagation of plants through seeds:
*
It is an age old practice and natural process of plant propagation. Plants can be propagated through seeds by rising them in primary beds and then to poly bags and after the seedlings attain maturity, they can be transferred to field.
*
Advantages:
It is a simple and *easy method of plant propagation It is a natural process and requires no *sophisticated technology and an ordinary layman can practice this technique
Cost is very low.
Disadvantages:
*
Genetic character of each seedling is not uniform and it varies from seedling to seedling.
It takes longer period *for germination of dormant seeds
Depends on season
Low number of plants can only be produced.
*
Vegetative propagation methods:
*
It is another most important and conventional method of plant propagation. Vegetative propagation is a technique in which the plants are propagated by the vegetative parts of the plant. Naturally, vegetative propagation can take place through rhizome, corm, offsets, bulbs, tubers, suckers etc,
*
Methods of vegetative propagation
*
Shoots and root cuttings
Layering
Budding
Grafting
*
Advantages:
*
Genetic uniformity can be maintained to certain extent.
Easy method of plant propagation
Reduces fruiting period
*
Disadvantages:
*
cannot produce more number of plants through this technique
percentage of rooting depends on season
It is a costlier process compared to seed propagation
Woody plants are difficult to propagate.
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Propagation of plants through Tissue culture:
*
Tissue culture is a most important and highly advanced technology of plant propagation. Tissue culture is nothing but culturing of cells, tissues, organs under aseptic conditions to give rise to a new plant.
Process of plant tissue culture:
Mother Plant
Collection of Suitable Explants’
Media Preparation
Sterilization
Inoculation
Incubation
Sub Culture
Stages of Plant Tissue Culture:
*
1. Initiation
2. Multiplication
3. Elongation
4. Rooting
5. Hardening Off.
Major advantages of Tissue Culture:
*
A large number of true to the type plants could be propagated within a short time and space and that too throughout the year. For example, it may be possible to propagate 2-4 lakhs of Tissue Cultured Plants (TCP) from a single bush of rose against 10 to 15 plants by vegetative means. Also, it may take about 2-4 months to produce healthy planting materials by tissue culture means, whereas a minimum of 6-8 months is required for most species by the latest method of vegetative propagation.
*
m Tissue-culture could be a useful way of circumventing or eliminating disease which can accrue in stock plants. TCPs may have increased branching and flowering, greater vigour and higher yield, mainly due to the possibility of elimination of diseases.
*
The method may succeed to propagate plants where seeds or vegetative propagation is not possible or difficult or undesirable.
*
The method saves space and energy. For example, 2500m2 of heated green house can be replaced by a acclimatized room of 10m2
*
The flexibility of nurseries can be improved. As the capital investment on mother plants is reduced to almost zero, it may be easier to adapt to changing conditions. Additionally, a better programming of the production is possible, because of the greater plant uniformity and the availability in the mass at any time.
*
Tissue culture can be utilized for breeding new varieties, preservation of germplasm and in vitro synthesis of metabolites.
*
Tissue culture technology helps in the production of large numbers of planting stock irrespective of season. Dormancy etc,
*
Tissue culture technology helps in increasing the value added products in medicinal plants.
*
Tissue culture technology plays a key role in the production of valuable secondary metabolites of important medicinal plants through callus formation without the requirement of cultivated plants (note: here we can produce the desired product directly in vitro conditions through callus formation).
*
Can produce and maintain disease free mother plant stocks with high value addition products of medicinal plants.
*
We can also multiply the endangered valuable medicinal plants with in short period of time and there by very useful in genetic conservation of important endangered medicinal plant species.
BALAKRISHNA MUTHUKURI
MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH INDIA PVT. LTD.
BANGALORE.
+919035003471
+91 9908286565
*
Introduction:
*
Since long ago, plants acts like mother to our nature. Plants are very helpful in agriculture, horticulture; forestry and medical sector. We are in very need of plants to balance the temperature. So, there is an urgent need to develop newer technologies for propagation of high, valuable, true – to – type and hybrid varieties of plants and also there is a need to conserve our native important species of plants.
*
Methods of plant propagation:
*
Plants can be mainly propagated by the following methods:
*
Propagation of plants through seeds:
*
It is an age old practice and natural process of plant propagation. Plants can be propagated through seeds by rising them in primary beds and then to poly bags and after the seedlings attain maturity, they can be transferred to field.
*
Advantages:
It is a simple and *easy method of plant propagation It is a natural process and requires no *sophisticated technology and an ordinary layman can practice this technique
Cost is very low.
Disadvantages:
*
Genetic character of each seedling is not uniform and it varies from seedling to seedling.
It takes longer period *for germination of dormant seeds
Depends on season
Low number of plants can only be produced.
*
Vegetative propagation methods:
*
It is another most important and conventional method of plant propagation. Vegetative propagation is a technique in which the plants are propagated by the vegetative parts of the plant. Naturally, vegetative propagation can take place through rhizome, corm, offsets, bulbs, tubers, suckers etc,
*
Methods of vegetative propagation
*
Shoots and root cuttings
Layering
Budding
Grafting
*
Advantages:
*
Genetic uniformity can be maintained to certain extent.
Easy method of plant propagation
Reduces fruiting period
*
Disadvantages:
*
cannot produce more number of plants through this technique
percentage of rooting depends on season
It is a costlier process compared to seed propagation
Woody plants are difficult to propagate.
*
*
Propagation of plants through Tissue culture:
*
Tissue culture is a most important and highly advanced technology of plant propagation. Tissue culture is nothing but culturing of cells, tissues, organs under aseptic conditions to give rise to a new plant.
Process of plant tissue culture:
Mother Plant
Collection of Suitable Explants’
Media Preparation
Sterilization
Inoculation
Incubation
Sub Culture
Stages of Plant Tissue Culture:
*
1. Initiation
2. Multiplication
3. Elongation
4. Rooting
5. Hardening Off.
Major advantages of Tissue Culture:
*
A large number of true to the type plants could be propagated within a short time and space and that too throughout the year. For example, it may be possible to propagate 2-4 lakhs of Tissue Cultured Plants (TCP) from a single bush of rose against 10 to 15 plants by vegetative means. Also, it may take about 2-4 months to produce healthy planting materials by tissue culture means, whereas a minimum of 6-8 months is required for most species by the latest method of vegetative propagation.
*
m Tissue-culture could be a useful way of circumventing or eliminating disease which can accrue in stock plants. TCPs may have increased branching and flowering, greater vigour and higher yield, mainly due to the possibility of elimination of diseases.
*
The method may succeed to propagate plants where seeds or vegetative propagation is not possible or difficult or undesirable.
*
The method saves space and energy. For example, 2500m2 of heated green house can be replaced by a acclimatized room of 10m2
*
The flexibility of nurseries can be improved. As the capital investment on mother plants is reduced to almost zero, it may be easier to adapt to changing conditions. Additionally, a better programming of the production is possible, because of the greater plant uniformity and the availability in the mass at any time.
*
Tissue culture can be utilized for breeding new varieties, preservation of germplasm and in vitro synthesis of metabolites.
*
Tissue culture technology helps in the production of large numbers of planting stock irrespective of season. Dormancy etc,
*
Tissue culture technology helps in increasing the value added products in medicinal plants.
*
Tissue culture technology plays a key role in the production of valuable secondary metabolites of important medicinal plants through callus formation without the requirement of cultivated plants (note: here we can produce the desired product directly in vitro conditions through callus formation).
*
Can produce and maintain disease free mother plant stocks with high value addition products of medicinal plants.
*
We can also multiply the endangered valuable medicinal plants with in short period of time and there by very useful in genetic conservation of important endangered medicinal plant species.
BALAKRISHNA MUTHUKURI
MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH INDIA PVT. LTD.
BANGALORE.
+919035003471
+91 9908286565
Last edited: