Dear Team,
I want to start a business of agriculture in Delhi and NCR specifically in Turmeric.
Please give some education what the essential thing is required like what type of land, water....
And provide some number for more understanding.
Thanks and regards
kamal kumar
9990401357
Dear Sri Kamal Kumar Sharma ,
We are herewith furnishing details of cultivation of Turmeric as required by you.
Turmeric
Underground rhizome is used as condiment, dye stuff, drug and cosmetic.
Traditional item of export. India is the largest producer of Turmeric.In India, A.P.,
leads in Area and Production.In A.P., there are five agro-climatic zones.
Duggirala zone , Cuddapah zone, Nizamabad zone, Godavari zone and Agency
Turmeric ranks 4th as foreign exchange earner among the spices after Pepper,
Cardamom and Ginger.
Botany:
Curcuma has 42 species. C. longa is cultivated in large area in A.P. C.
aromatica is grown in some parts locally known as kasturi used for the
preparation of kum kum. Erect herbaceous perennial 60-100 cm rhizome with
fingers. Rhizome is brown on out side and dull orange coloured inside. Leaves
are broadly lanceolate with long leaf stalk.
Varieties: Three categories.
Long duration types : 9 months duration: Duggirala, Tekurpeta, Armor and
Mydukur, CLL 324, 325, 326, 327
Medium duration types: 8 months duration: Kothapet, Krishna, Kesari, CLL
317.
Short duration types: 6-7 months duration: Amalapuram, Dindigram, PCT – 13
(Suguna), PCT – 14 (Sudarshan)
Armoor is the popular type in Nizamabad district.
Kasturi and kesari are good in curcumin content, but poorer in curing
percentage.
Propagation: Through rhizomes, mother rhizomes, cut mothers, primary fingers.
Planting primary fingers has become a common practice in A.P., because they
keep better in storage, more tolerant to wet soil and involve low seed rate.
Preservation of seed rhizomes:
1. Mature, healthy rhizomes are heaped over a layer of sand ( 5- 10 cm
thickness) under shade of a tree or shed.
2. Covered with turmeric leaves.
3. Heaps are plastered with earth mixed with cow dung.
4. Treat with Dithane M 45 0.3% or Bavistin 0.1% solution for 30 min and
shade dried before heaping.
5. Remove rotten rhizomes at the end of storage period.
Climate:
Tropical herb.Grows well 1200 m above MSL. Requires warm and moist
climate. Rainfall 100 to 200 cm. Temperature range preferable is 20 to 300 C
Soils:
Can be grown on various soils. Thrives best in well drained, friable, rich
sandy or clay loam soils. Crop stands neither water logging nor alkalinity.
Preparation of land:
Give 4-6 deep ploughings to get fine tilth up to 20 -25 cm depth. Field is
laid out into beds or ridges and furrows. Bed system gives higher yield by 54 to
80%. Beds of 1 m width and convenient length with a spacing of 40 to 50 cm
between beds where natural drainage does not exist, ridges and furrows are
prepared at 45 to 60 cm spacing.
Time of sowing:
Short duration varieties: second fortnight of may
Mid duration varieties: first fortnight of June
Long duration varieties: second fortnight of June to second fortnight of July.
Seed rate: mother rhizomes 2000 – 2500 kg per ha
Primary fingers 1500 to 2000 kg per ha
Spacing:
Red loamy soils – 30 x 15 cm
Black heavy soils – 46 x 23 cm
Method of sowing: sown behind the plough in ridges and furrow system
In bed system, rhizomes are dibbled at 5-10 cm pits.Treat with dithane m 45
0.3% for 30 minutes before sowing. Germination starts in 10-20 days and will be
over by 60 days.
Mulching: To protect sprouts.
To conserve moisture
To reduce weed growth
To enhance germination by mulching with dry leaves. Mulch
with dry leaves thickly on which a layer of cow dung is spread. Second
mulching is done after weeding and application of fertilizers, after 50 -60 days 10
of sowing.
Irrigation:
A good soaking irrigation is given immediately after sowing.Thereafter,
irrigate at weekly interval.
Manuring:
20-25 to of FYM during land preparation
60kg N, 60 kg P, 60 kg K per ha before planting the rhizomes.
60 kg N ---------65 kg K per ha 60 das
60 kg N ---------per ha 120 das
50% of top dressed Nitrogen may be applied in the form of oil cakes.
Top dressing should be completed within 120 days after sowing.
After fertilization, the field is given a light hoeing and the clumps are earthed up
and irrigated.
Weeding:
3 – 4 weedings are required at 60, 90, 120 and 150 days of planting.
Weedings and hoeings are done simultaneously. Plants are earthed up and
mulch is replaced. Provision of shade. By raising castor on the bunds and within
the crop. Daincha is also grown for shade purpose.
Intercrops:
Maize or chillies are grown as inter crops.Turmeric can also be raised as
an inter crop in coconut and arecanut plantations.
Rotations:
Turmeric is a heavy feeder. Hence depletes soil nutrients.
Continuous cropping results in build up of diseases.
It is rotated with rainfed paddy, sugarcane, banana, betelvine, vegetables.
Harvesting:
Depending upon the varieties, the crop comes to harvest in 7-9 months.
1. Main season of harvesting falls in February – April.
2. Maturity indication is complete yellowing and drying up of plants
3. Above ground parts are cut close to the ground level.
4. Field is irrigated 1-2 days in advance of harvesting the crop.
5. Crop is harvested by Ploughing or digging.
6. Rhizomes are gathered by hand picking and cleaned.
7. Rhizomes are washed.
8. Mother rhizomes are separated from the fingers before they are
cured.
Yield: Indian average yield is 20,000 to 22,000 kg per ha
A Quintal of Turmeric costs about Rs.5000-6000/- some time it touched Rs.10000 also if much demand in the market.
Please contact us for project reports for availing Bank term loan:
G.Ananda rao B.Sc(Ag)
Agri Finance consultant, Vijaya Agro Consultants
Mobile: 9703128495
Mail:
garao56@gmail.com
