Impact of Nutrient Stewardship and Post-Harvest Management of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) var. IISR-Pragati Under Gangatic Alluvial Zone
Souvick Banik*, Ameda Swarnalata* and Anupam Pariari**
*Ph.D. Research Scholar, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal
**Professor, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal
*Ph.D. Research Scholar, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal
**Professor, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is an important commercial spice crop grown in India and known as “Indian saffron”. India is the largest producer, consumer and exporter of turmeric in the world. The use of turmeric and its value-added products is recognized globally and hence, the production has to be increased to meet the demand. Turmeric variety and maturity determine the curcuminoid content, which is responsible for colour (Anuradha et al., 2018). As there is significant impact of shade, bio-fertilizers, bio-stimulants on growth, yield and quality of turmeric and different storage methods on the storability on seed rhizomes, the present research work was undertaken with the following objectives:
1. To evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizers and bio-stimulants on the growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) var. IISR-Pragati.
2. To evaluate the effect of post-harvest treatments and storage methods on the storability of turmeric seed rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) var. IISR-Pragati.
Experiment - 1: Impact of bio-fertilizers and bio-stimulants on growth, yield and quality of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) var. IISR-Pragati.
In this experiment, partial replacement of inorganic fertilizers with bio-fertilizers and bio-stimulants by 75% and 50% RDF was done. The experiment is designed in randomised block design with 18 treatments and 3 replications. This experiment was done under field conditions. Bio-fertilizers such as nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azotobacter), phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.) and potash mobilizing bacteria (Frateuria sp.) were applied in combination with bio-stimulants like humic acid @ 0.1%and chitosan @ 0.1% (as foliar spray on 60, 90, and 120 DAP). Result shows at 90 days after planting, among eighteen treatments the maximum plant height was recorded in plants at treatment S6 (75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KMB + Chitosan) was 102.59 cm followed by S2 (75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KMB+ Humic acid) 101.82 cm plant height recorded in the year 2021-22. The minimum plant height observed in S17 (50% RDF + KMB + Chitosan) was 66.05 cm (2021-22) followed by S18 was 61.53 cm (2021-22). At 120 days after planting, among eighteen treatments the maximum plant height was recorded in treatment S2 (75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KMB + Humic acid) where it was given 127.63 cm followed by S6 (75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KMB + Chitosan) was 125.38 cm and S3 (75% RDF + Azotobacter + Humic acid) was 123.92 cm . At 150 days after planting, in respect among eighteen treatments the maximum plant height was recorded in S2 (155.43 cm) for 1st year of planting and treatment combination of S2 was 75% RDF + Azotobacter +PSB + KMB + Humic Acid. In case of rhizome yield per plot, among all treatments in year wise data increasing trends in rhizome yield per plot for treatment S2 (75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KMB + Humic acid) with values of 13.38 (2021-22) and 11.39 (2022-23). Similarly, among all treatment increasing trends in projected rhizome yield per hectare for treatment S2 (75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KMB + Humic acid) was 33.45 (2021-22) and 28.48 (2022-23). The decreasing trend in projected rhizome yield per hectare for treatment S18 was 25.63 (2021-22) and 24.13 (2022-23). Similarly, among all treatment increasing trend in curcumin content for the treatment S6 (75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KMB + Chitosan) was 5.9 (2021-22) and 6.24 (2022-23). In correspondingly, among all treatment increasing trends in oleoresin content for the treatment S6 (75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KMB + Chitosan) was 14.59 (2021-22) and 15.08 (2022-23).
Experiment - 2: Impact of post-harvest treatment sand storage methods on storability of turmeric seed rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) var. IISR-Pragati.
Rhizomes were treated with 3 different chemicals (Mancozeb, Imidacloprid and Hexaconazole) and one bio-agent (Trichoderma viride culture @ 4 g/kg) in 6 different combinations and were stored in 3 storage methods i.e., Rhizomes stored in heap in-between paddy straw, Rhizomes stored in heap in-between rice husk layers and rhizomes stored in leno bags.). The experiment was designed in Factorial Completely Randomized Design with 18 treatments and 3 replications. Result shows in 0 days, the lowest or minimum and highest or maximum recorded during the year 2021-22 and 2022-23 ranged was 0. In 15 days, interval the physiological weight loss highest recorded in control treatment was 5.33 and lowest in 0.3% Hexaconazole was 3.63. In 30 days, interval the highest physiological weight of rhizome var. IISR- Pragati was 9 in treatment of Control and lowest in 6 in treatment of 0.3% Hexaconazole + 0.1% Imidacloprid. In 45 days, interval the physiological weight loss highest recorded in 0.3% Mancozeb + 0.1% Imidacloprid treatment was 17.13 and lowest recorded in 0.3% Mancozeb was 15. In 60 days, interval the physiological weight loss highest recorded in control treatment was 26.9 and lowest recorded in 0.3% Hexaconazole treatment was 22. In 75 days, interval the physiological weight loss highest recorded in control treatment was 39.3 and lowest recorded in 0.3% Mancozeb treatment was 29.31. In 90 Days, interval the maximum or highest recorded in control treatment was 62.92 lowest recorded in 0.3% Hexaconazole + 0.1% Imidacloprid was 48.8. Observation on different parameters was recorded during storage period (on every 3rd day from the date of storage). The storage treatment of Mancozeb with imidacloprid stored in leno bag showed best result.
Reference
Anuradha, U. B. Patil, S. S. Kurubar, A. R., Ramesh, G. and Hirgoudar, S. (2018). Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cv. Salem. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 7 (1): 3196-203.