Goat farming
General Information
Goats are reared mainly for milk and meat. Goat is a multi functional animal and plays a significant role in the economy and nutrition of landless, small and marginal farmers in our country. Goat rearing is an enterprise, which has been practiced by a large section of population not only rural but also in urban area. Goats can efficiently survive on available shrubs and trees in adverse harsh environment in low fertility lands where no other crop can be grown. Around the world, most of the people prefer Goat milk to cow’s milk as it is more energetic and also more people eat chevon (Goat meat) than beef.
The World Health Organization says that more than 70% of the world’s population has some allergy to cow milk. The allergic symptoms could be stomachaches, gas, skin rashes and ear infections. An allergy to goat milk is very rare. According to many historians, goats were the first animals to be domesticated and since centuries they have been utilized for their milk, meat, hair, and skins all over the world.
Advantages of Goat Rearing:
1) The initial investment needed for Goat farming is low.
2) Due to small body size and docile nature, housing requirements and manage mental problems with goats are less.
3) Goats are friendly animals and enjoy being with the Human being.
4) Goats are prolific breeders and achieve sexual maturity at the age of 10-12 months gestation period in goats is short and at the age of 15-16 months it starts giving milk. Twinning is very common and triplets and quadruplets are rare.
5) In drought prone areas risk of goat farming is very much less as compared to other livestock species.
6) Unlike large animals in commercial farm conditions both male and female goats have equal value.
7) Goats are ideal for mixed species grazing. The animal can thrive well on wide
Variety of thorny bushes, weeds, crop residues, agricultural by-products unsuitable for human consumption.
8) Under proper management, goats can improve and maintain grazing land and
reduce bush encroachment (biological control) without causing harm to the
environment.
9) No religious taboo against goat slaughter and meat consumption prevalent in the country.
10) Slaughter and dressing operation and meat disposal can be carried without much environmental problems.
11) The goat meat is more lean (low cholesterol) and relatively good for people who prefer low energy diet especially in summer and sometimes goat meat (chevon) is preferred over mutton because of its "chew ability."
12) Goat milk is easy to digest than cow milk because of small fat globules and is
Naturally homogenized. Goat milk is said to play a role in improving appetite and
Digestive efficiency. Goat milk is also non allergic as compared to cow milk and it has anti-fungal and anti bacterial properties and can be used for treating urogenital diseases of fungal origin.
13) Goats are 2.5 times more economical than sheep on free range grazing under semi arid conditions.
14) Goat creates employment to the rural poor besides effectively utilizing unpaid
Family labour. There is ample scope for establishing cottage industries based on
Goat meat and milk products and value addition to skin and fiber.
15) Goat is termed as walking refrigerator for the storage of milk and can be milked number of times in a day.