chethan t c
New Member
I want to know about crop development models for Chillis which suits Northern Karnataka regions for high yielding varieties.
Thank you
Thank you
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About crop development models for Chillis
- Thread starter chethan t c
- Start date
Hi
Cultivation Practices of Chillies
B.N : Capsicum annum L
Family : Solanaceae
Climate : Chillies are grown in both tropical and sub-tropical regions from sea level to 2000m attitude. It grows well in warm and humid climate and a temperature of 20-25ºC. The crop is killed by freezing temperatures and frost. A warm and humid climate favours growth while warm and dry weather enhances fruit maturity. It is found to be grown successfully as a rainfed crop in areas receiving an annual rainfall of 850-1200mm. Low soil moisture during blossom development and fruit formation causes bud, blossom and fruit drop. Excessive rainfall is detrimental to the crop and leads to poor fruit set, defoliation and rotting of plants. High temperature and dry winds are injurious to plants and lead to flower drop. A day length of 9-10 hrs light stimulates plant growth and increases productivity by 20-24% besides improving the quality of capsicum.
Soil : Chillies are found to grow in a variety of soils provided they are well drained well aerated and rich in organic matter. In ill drained soils, the plants shed their leaves and turn sickly and fruit drop takesplace due to waterlogging condition. It can be grown successfully in sandy loam soil provided adequate irrigation and manuring are carriedout. Black soils are also suitable for rainfed crop. An Ideal soil for chilli is light loamy or sandy loam rich in lime and inorganic matter. Strongly acidic and alkaline soils are not suitable for chilli growing. Chilli can be grown in saline soil but seed germination, vigour of plants are affected by salinity. The optimum soil pH for this crop is 6.0 to 7.0. In acid soil liming will be beneficial.
Field (Tillage) preparation : The field is prepared by giving 4 to 5 ploughings followed by harrowing and planting is done to get fine tilth. Compost or FYM @ 15-20 t/ha should be spread and mixed well in the soil at least 15-20 days before sowing. At the last ploughing Aldrim or Heftaf @ 10-15 kg/ac should be applied to the soil to protect the crop from white ants and other soil pests. In the rainy season ridge & furrow system or raised beds should be made specially in heavy rainfall areas to avoid water stagnation. For irrigated crops ridge and furrows are made. The field can also be divided into small plots for convenience of transplanting / sowing and irrigation.
Seed Rate :
Direct sowing : 1.5 to 2.0 kg seed/ha.
Through seedlings : 800 to 1000 g/ha
Hybrids : 350 – 400 g/ha
Seed Treatment :
150g Trisodium orthophosphate /kg seed to protect from viral diseases.
To protect from sapsucking insects – 8.0 g Imidachloprid / kg seed.
To protect from seed borne diseases – 3.0 g/kg seed of Captan / Thiran / Mancozeb.
Nursery Raising :
Well drained, elevated and fertile areas in open sun light is selected for nursery and that should be ploughed to get fine tilth. The nursery bed should be prepared with a size of 6m length, 10m width and 15cm height. Well decomposed FYM/Compost @ 20-25kg/bed is applied before 20-25 days of sowing. About 250 kg N PK (15:15:15) fertilizer mixture should be incorporated along with 5-6g furadon or phorate granules on each bed. The seeds are sown thinly preferably in lines spaced 5cm apart and well decomposed compost in powder form along with fine, friable soil is sprinkled over the seed about 1.0cm thick. Find mulching with paddy straw can be given to prevent excessive moisture loss. The mulch is removed after the seed germination. Drenching of nursery bed with Fytolon (0.25g / lit water) at 15 days intervals can be given against damping off disease specially in the rainy season. The seed germinate in 6-10 days. Seedlings become ready for transplanting in 35-45 days, when they are about 12-15 cm height. Short and thick stemmed seedlings are preferred for better establishment and performance.
Time of sowing in nursery: May – June for rainfed
Sept – Oct for irrigated crop.
Planting : 6 week old seedlings are preferred for transplanting in the mainfield. Time : Kharif – July – Aug
Rabi – Oct-Nov
Spacing :
For rainfed crop : 56x15cm @ one seedlings per hill
For irrigated crop: 56x56 (or) 60x60cm (or) 90x60cm @ two seedlings / till Panting can also be done on bunds.
Nutrient Management :
Chilli needs a judicious application of manures and fertilizers since it is a long growing season crop. Application of FYM @ 20t/ha or growing a green manure crop and incorporating the same in soil increases yield.
For rainfed crop :
60kg N – 40kg P2O5 – 50Kg K2O / ha. The whole of FYM, Phosphorus and half N and K2O should be applied in the last ploughing before transplanting and the rest of N and K2O is applied as top dressing two months after transplanting.
For irrigated crop : 100 Kg N – 60kg P2O5 – 75 kg K2O / ha. Entire dose of Phosphorus + Half N and Potash are applied as basal in the last ploughing. The remaining dose of N and Potash applied as top dressing in two equal split doses at one month interval after transplanting. Foliar application of Urea @ 2% is beneficial for this crop when raised under rainfed conditions.
Use of growth regulators :
Flower and fruit drop is a serious problem in chilli and it depends on high temperature, low soil moisture, shading and light intensity. This can be controlled By foliar spraying of Planofix (NAA – Naphthalene Acetic Acid) @ 20 to 40 ppm (20-40 mg / L) twice with 15 days interval or 2, 4-D (2,4-Dichloro Phenoxy Acetic Acid) @ 2 to 4 ppm at flower bud initiation stage reduces flower drop and increases fruit set and yield. Application of Ethrel or Ethephon @ 300 pp foliar spray increases fruit set and yield.
Irrigation : Regular irrigation is an important factor for the successful production of chilli crop. The first irrigation is given at the time of transplanting and the subsequent irrigations are given once in a week or 10 days depending on the weather and soil moisture condition. In light soils irrigation is given at 10-12 days intervals, in black cotton soils at 3 week intervals and in summer at 5 to 6 days interval. After every harvest irrigation is given. Flowering and fruit formation are the critical stages for moisture. Scheduling of irrigation is done at IW / CPE ratio of 0.6
Regards
Ashwini
Cultivation Practices of Chillies
B.N : Capsicum annum L
Family : Solanaceae
Climate : Chillies are grown in both tropical and sub-tropical regions from sea level to 2000m attitude. It grows well in warm and humid climate and a temperature of 20-25ºC. The crop is killed by freezing temperatures and frost. A warm and humid climate favours growth while warm and dry weather enhances fruit maturity. It is found to be grown successfully as a rainfed crop in areas receiving an annual rainfall of 850-1200mm. Low soil moisture during blossom development and fruit formation causes bud, blossom and fruit drop. Excessive rainfall is detrimental to the crop and leads to poor fruit set, defoliation and rotting of plants. High temperature and dry winds are injurious to plants and lead to flower drop. A day length of 9-10 hrs light stimulates plant growth and increases productivity by 20-24% besides improving the quality of capsicum.
Soil : Chillies are found to grow in a variety of soils provided they are well drained well aerated and rich in organic matter. In ill drained soils, the plants shed their leaves and turn sickly and fruit drop takesplace due to waterlogging condition. It can be grown successfully in sandy loam soil provided adequate irrigation and manuring are carriedout. Black soils are also suitable for rainfed crop. An Ideal soil for chilli is light loamy or sandy loam rich in lime and inorganic matter. Strongly acidic and alkaline soils are not suitable for chilli growing. Chilli can be grown in saline soil but seed germination, vigour of plants are affected by salinity. The optimum soil pH for this crop is 6.0 to 7.0. In acid soil liming will be beneficial.
Field (Tillage) preparation : The field is prepared by giving 4 to 5 ploughings followed by harrowing and planting is done to get fine tilth. Compost or FYM @ 15-20 t/ha should be spread and mixed well in the soil at least 15-20 days before sowing. At the last ploughing Aldrim or Heftaf @ 10-15 kg/ac should be applied to the soil to protect the crop from white ants and other soil pests. In the rainy season ridge & furrow system or raised beds should be made specially in heavy rainfall areas to avoid water stagnation. For irrigated crops ridge and furrows are made. The field can also be divided into small plots for convenience of transplanting / sowing and irrigation.
Seed Rate :
Direct sowing : 1.5 to 2.0 kg seed/ha.
Through seedlings : 800 to 1000 g/ha
Hybrids : 350 – 400 g/ha
Seed Treatment :
150g Trisodium orthophosphate /kg seed to protect from viral diseases.
To protect from sapsucking insects – 8.0 g Imidachloprid / kg seed.
To protect from seed borne diseases – 3.0 g/kg seed of Captan / Thiran / Mancozeb.
Nursery Raising :
Well drained, elevated and fertile areas in open sun light is selected for nursery and that should be ploughed to get fine tilth. The nursery bed should be prepared with a size of 6m length, 10m width and 15cm height. Well decomposed FYM/Compost @ 20-25kg/bed is applied before 20-25 days of sowing. About 250 kg N PK (15:15:15) fertilizer mixture should be incorporated along with 5-6g furadon or phorate granules on each bed. The seeds are sown thinly preferably in lines spaced 5cm apart and well decomposed compost in powder form along with fine, friable soil is sprinkled over the seed about 1.0cm thick. Find mulching with paddy straw can be given to prevent excessive moisture loss. The mulch is removed after the seed germination. Drenching of nursery bed with Fytolon (0.25g / lit water) at 15 days intervals can be given against damping off disease specially in the rainy season. The seed germinate in 6-10 days. Seedlings become ready for transplanting in 35-45 days, when they are about 12-15 cm height. Short and thick stemmed seedlings are preferred for better establishment and performance.
Time of sowing in nursery: May – June for rainfed
Sept – Oct for irrigated crop.
Planting : 6 week old seedlings are preferred for transplanting in the mainfield. Time : Kharif – July – Aug
Rabi – Oct-Nov
Spacing :
For rainfed crop : 56x15cm @ one seedlings per hill
For irrigated crop: 56x56 (or) 60x60cm (or) 90x60cm @ two seedlings / till Panting can also be done on bunds.
Nutrient Management :
Chilli needs a judicious application of manures and fertilizers since it is a long growing season crop. Application of FYM @ 20t/ha or growing a green manure crop and incorporating the same in soil increases yield.
For rainfed crop :
60kg N – 40kg P2O5 – 50Kg K2O / ha. The whole of FYM, Phosphorus and half N and K2O should be applied in the last ploughing before transplanting and the rest of N and K2O is applied as top dressing two months after transplanting.
For irrigated crop : 100 Kg N – 60kg P2O5 – 75 kg K2O / ha. Entire dose of Phosphorus + Half N and Potash are applied as basal in the last ploughing. The remaining dose of N and Potash applied as top dressing in two equal split doses at one month interval after transplanting. Foliar application of Urea @ 2% is beneficial for this crop when raised under rainfed conditions.
Use of growth regulators :
Flower and fruit drop is a serious problem in chilli and it depends on high temperature, low soil moisture, shading and light intensity. This can be controlled By foliar spraying of Planofix (NAA – Naphthalene Acetic Acid) @ 20 to 40 ppm (20-40 mg / L) twice with 15 days interval or 2, 4-D (2,4-Dichloro Phenoxy Acetic Acid) @ 2 to 4 ppm at flower bud initiation stage reduces flower drop and increases fruit set and yield. Application of Ethrel or Ethephon @ 300 pp foliar spray increases fruit set and yield.
Irrigation : Regular irrigation is an important factor for the successful production of chilli crop. The first irrigation is given at the time of transplanting and the subsequent irrigations are given once in a week or 10 days depending on the weather and soil moisture condition. In light soils irrigation is given at 10-12 days intervals, in black cotton soils at 3 week intervals and in summer at 5 to 6 days interval. After every harvest irrigation is given. Flowering and fruit formation are the critical stages for moisture. Scheduling of irrigation is done at IW / CPE ratio of 0.6
Regards
Ashwini