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Amla Cultivation
Embelica officinalis commonly known as Amla or Indian Gooseberry or Nelli is an important crop with high medicinal value. The fruits have the richest source of vitamin-C (700 mg per 100 g of fruits) and is considered to be good liver tonic. The various preparations using Amla include chyavanprash, Triphala churna (mixture of Amla, Terminalia chebula and T.bellerica), Brahma Rasayana and Madumegha churna. The fruit is valued as an antiscorbutic, diuretic, laxative, antibiotic and anti-dysentric. Phyllemblin, obtained from fruit pulp has been found to have mild depressent action on central nervous system. It has good demand from the industries for the preparation of various health care products also like hair oil, dye, shampoo, face creams and tooth powder.
SOIL
Light as well as medium heavy soils except purely sandy soil is ideal for amla cultivation. The tree is well adopted to dry regions and can also be grown in moderate alkaline soils.
CLIMATE
It is a tropical plant. Annual rainfall of 630-800 mm is ideal for its growth. The young plant upto the age of 3 years should be protected from hot wind during May-June and from frost during winter months. The mature plants can tolerate freezing temperature as well as a high temperature upto 46OC.
VARIETIES
The varieties recommended for cultivation are Banarasi, Chakaiya, Francis, NA-4 (Krishna) NA 5 (Kanchan), NA-6, NA-7, NA-10 and BSR-1 (Bhavanisagar).
INPUTS
Sl.No.
Materials
Per acre
Per hectare
1
Number of seedlings
200
500
2
Farm Yard Manure (t)
4
10
3
Fertilizers (kg)
N
P2O5
K2O
90
120
48
225
300
120
Note: 15 kg FYM and 0.5 kg phosphorus should be applied to each pit before planting. Application of 30 g of nitrogen each year during September - October upto 10 years for each tree is recommended.
CULTIVATION
Propagation
Amla is generally propagated by shield budding. Budding is done on one year old seedlings with buds collected from superior varieties yielding big sized fruits. Older trees or poor yielders can be changed into superior types by top working.
Planting
The pits of 1 m3 are to be dug during May-June at a distance of 4.5 m x 4.5 m spacing and should be left for 15-20 days exposing to sunlight. Each pit should be filled with surface soil mixed with 15 kg farm yard manure and 0.5 kg of phosphorus before planting the budded seedling.
Irrigation
Young plants require watering during summer months at 15 days interval till they are fully established. Watering of bearing plants is advised during summer months at bi-weekly interval. After the monsoon rains, during October - December about 25-30 litres of water per day per tree through drip irrigation should be given.
Training and pruning
Leaving only 4-5 well shaped branches with wide angle at about 0.75 m from the ground level, other dead, diseased, week crisscrossing branches and suckers should be pruned off at the end of December.
Mulching and Intercropping
During summer, the crop should be mulched with paddy straw or wheat straw at the base of the tree upto 15-20 cm from the trunk. Inter crops like green gram, black gram, cow pea and horse gram can be grown upto 8 years.
PLANT PROTECTION
Major insect : Bark Eating Caterpillar (Inderbella tetronis)
Major disease : Rust (Ravenellia emblicae)
Schedule
1. 1. Injection of Endosulphon 0.05% or Monocrotophos 0.03% in holes and plugging with mud is effective in protecting the tree against bark eating caterpiller.
2. 2. Spraying of Indofil M-45 @ 0.3% twice first in early September and second 15 days after first application controls the spread of rust.
HARVESTING AND YIELD
Amla tree starts bearing after about 4-5 years of planting. The fruits are harvested during February when they become dull greenish yellow from light green. The mature fruits are hard and they do not fall at gentle touch and therefore vigorous shaking is required. Fruits can also be harvested using long bamboo poles attached with hooks.
A mature tree of about 10 years will yield 50-70 kg of fruit. The average weight of the fruit is 60-70 g and 1 kg contains about 15-20 fruits. A well maintained tree yields upto an age of 70 years.
Regds
Manoj Singh
Embelica officinalis commonly known as Amla or Indian Gooseberry or Nelli is an important crop with high medicinal value. The fruits have the richest source of vitamin-C (700 mg per 100 g of fruits) and is considered to be good liver tonic. The various preparations using Amla include chyavanprash, Triphala churna (mixture of Amla, Terminalia chebula and T.bellerica), Brahma Rasayana and Madumegha churna. The fruit is valued as an antiscorbutic, diuretic, laxative, antibiotic and anti-dysentric. Phyllemblin, obtained from fruit pulp has been found to have mild depressent action on central nervous system. It has good demand from the industries for the preparation of various health care products also like hair oil, dye, shampoo, face creams and tooth powder.
SOIL
Light as well as medium heavy soils except purely sandy soil is ideal for amla cultivation. The tree is well adopted to dry regions and can also be grown in moderate alkaline soils.
CLIMATE
It is a tropical plant. Annual rainfall of 630-800 mm is ideal for its growth. The young plant upto the age of 3 years should be protected from hot wind during May-June and from frost during winter months. The mature plants can tolerate freezing temperature as well as a high temperature upto 46OC.
VARIETIES
The varieties recommended for cultivation are Banarasi, Chakaiya, Francis, NA-4 (Krishna) NA 5 (Kanchan), NA-6, NA-7, NA-10 and BSR-1 (Bhavanisagar).
INPUTS
Sl.No.
Materials
Per acre
Per hectare
1
Number of seedlings
200
500
2
Farm Yard Manure (t)
4
10
3
Fertilizers (kg)
N
P2O5
K2O
90
120
48
225
300
120
Note: 15 kg FYM and 0.5 kg phosphorus should be applied to each pit before planting. Application of 30 g of nitrogen each year during September - October upto 10 years for each tree is recommended.
CULTIVATION
Propagation
Amla is generally propagated by shield budding. Budding is done on one year old seedlings with buds collected from superior varieties yielding big sized fruits. Older trees or poor yielders can be changed into superior types by top working.
Planting
The pits of 1 m3 are to be dug during May-June at a distance of 4.5 m x 4.5 m spacing and should be left for 15-20 days exposing to sunlight. Each pit should be filled with surface soil mixed with 15 kg farm yard manure and 0.5 kg of phosphorus before planting the budded seedling.
Irrigation
Young plants require watering during summer months at 15 days interval till they are fully established. Watering of bearing plants is advised during summer months at bi-weekly interval. After the monsoon rains, during October - December about 25-30 litres of water per day per tree through drip irrigation should be given.
Training and pruning
Leaving only 4-5 well shaped branches with wide angle at about 0.75 m from the ground level, other dead, diseased, week crisscrossing branches and suckers should be pruned off at the end of December.
Mulching and Intercropping
During summer, the crop should be mulched with paddy straw or wheat straw at the base of the tree upto 15-20 cm from the trunk. Inter crops like green gram, black gram, cow pea and horse gram can be grown upto 8 years.
PLANT PROTECTION
Major insect : Bark Eating Caterpillar (Inderbella tetronis)
Major disease : Rust (Ravenellia emblicae)
Schedule
1. 1. Injection of Endosulphon 0.05% or Monocrotophos 0.03% in holes and plugging with mud is effective in protecting the tree against bark eating caterpiller.
2. 2. Spraying of Indofil M-45 @ 0.3% twice first in early September and second 15 days after first application controls the spread of rust.
HARVESTING AND YIELD
Amla tree starts bearing after about 4-5 years of planting. The fruits are harvested during February when they become dull greenish yellow from light green. The mature fruits are hard and they do not fall at gentle touch and therefore vigorous shaking is required. Fruits can also be harvested using long bamboo poles attached with hooks.
A mature tree of about 10 years will yield 50-70 kg of fruit. The average weight of the fruit is 60-70 g and 1 kg contains about 15-20 fruits. A well maintained tree yields upto an age of 70 years.
Regds
Manoj Singh