The basis of vertical farming is hydroponic cultivation, eliminating the use of soil and growing crops in vertically upright structures. Vertical farming overcomes the requirement of arable agricultural land and it can be done on any type of strata including rocky, sandy or unproductive land or in sea, of course, controlling the environment around the plants. It is being practiced in developed and developing countries.Now vertical farms are being developed with small animals, fish and with sustainable resources using solar panels etc.
Lighting is the heart of vertical farming particularly LED ones and more specifically now, red and blue lights, for efficient photosynthesis.