muthukuribk
Established Member
GERMINATION
Seed from dry and moist climates varies greatly in the ease with which it can germinate. Nearly all teak seed however, shows some degree of dormancy, making it difficult to germinate evenly and adequately. The main cause of delay in the germination of teak seed is the thick pericarp, which does not soften sufficiently for the embryo cells to open (Kadambi 1972).
Pretreatment of the seed is needed to break this dormancy. One method of achieving this is by alternate wetting and drying of the seed before sowing. Place the seed in a hessian bag and soak the bag in water, preferably in a running stream, for 12 hours. Then spread the seed out inthe sun to dry for 12 hours. Repeated this for 10–14 days before sowing the seed into raised germination beds.
Raise the beds about 50 cm above ground level by filling with a layer of 5 cm of gravel on the bottom, 35 cm of clean coarse sand in the centre and 10 cm of a 50/50 mixture of peat and coarse sand on the top. Push seeds into this top layer of sand and peat to cover them and water twice a day. It is important not to sow the seeds too deep, as this will hinder germination.
Germination starts in 10–15 days after sowing, reaches its peak in 35–45 days and then decreases steadily to 80–90 days. In general, the proportion of the seed that germinates in the first year is about 35%. The ungerminated (but still viable) seeds will still maintain viability and germinate in the following year(s) when conditions are favourable. Such germination behaviour is due to dormancy. The real cause of teak seed dormancy is still unknown; however, three main factors are believed to influence seed dormancy: (1) seed structure, (2) seed maturity and (3) seed biochemistry (Kaosa-ard 1986).
PLANTING MATERIAL
Planting material can consist of seedlings, stumps or tissue culture. Seedlings can be pricked out into containers after germination and grown until they reach 30–40 cm in height. These seedlings should be planted into the field after the first rains (Figure 1). Another method is to plant prepared stumps. The seedlings are left to grow in the germination beds until they reach about 15–20 mm in diameter, then they are prepared for planting by pruning off both the shoot and root. Generally 25–50 mm of shoot is retained and about 150–200 mm of the root is left intact. This remaining material is known as a stump and is the most common planting method, because it can be stored for a period of time before planting, and gives more even height when planted in the field. Tissue culture plantlets, although rather costly, have the benefit of superior genetic quality. The initial outlay may be high, but the final crop will be far superior to seedling or stumped stock.
We are one and only high yielding tissue culture teak producers in India & abroad
BALAKRISHNA MUTHUKURI
MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD.
BANGALORE.
+919035003471
Seed from dry and moist climates varies greatly in the ease with which it can germinate. Nearly all teak seed however, shows some degree of dormancy, making it difficult to germinate evenly and adequately. The main cause of delay in the germination of teak seed is the thick pericarp, which does not soften sufficiently for the embryo cells to open (Kadambi 1972).
Pretreatment of the seed is needed to break this dormancy. One method of achieving this is by alternate wetting and drying of the seed before sowing. Place the seed in a hessian bag and soak the bag in water, preferably in a running stream, for 12 hours. Then spread the seed out inthe sun to dry for 12 hours. Repeated this for 10–14 days before sowing the seed into raised germination beds.
Raise the beds about 50 cm above ground level by filling with a layer of 5 cm of gravel on the bottom, 35 cm of clean coarse sand in the centre and 10 cm of a 50/50 mixture of peat and coarse sand on the top. Push seeds into this top layer of sand and peat to cover them and water twice a day. It is important not to sow the seeds too deep, as this will hinder germination.
Germination starts in 10–15 days after sowing, reaches its peak in 35–45 days and then decreases steadily to 80–90 days. In general, the proportion of the seed that germinates in the first year is about 35%. The ungerminated (but still viable) seeds will still maintain viability and germinate in the following year(s) when conditions are favourable. Such germination behaviour is due to dormancy. The real cause of teak seed dormancy is still unknown; however, three main factors are believed to influence seed dormancy: (1) seed structure, (2) seed maturity and (3) seed biochemistry (Kaosa-ard 1986).
PLANTING MATERIAL
Planting material can consist of seedlings, stumps or tissue culture. Seedlings can be pricked out into containers after germination and grown until they reach 30–40 cm in height. These seedlings should be planted into the field after the first rains (Figure 1). Another method is to plant prepared stumps. The seedlings are left to grow in the germination beds until they reach about 15–20 mm in diameter, then they are prepared for planting by pruning off both the shoot and root. Generally 25–50 mm of shoot is retained and about 150–200 mm of the root is left intact. This remaining material is known as a stump and is the most common planting method, because it can be stored for a period of time before planting, and gives more even height when planted in the field. Tissue culture plantlets, although rather costly, have the benefit of superior genetic quality. The initial outlay may be high, but the final crop will be far superior to seedling or stumped stock.
We are one and only high yielding tissue culture teak producers in India & abroad
BALAKRISHNA MUTHUKURI
MOTHER AGRI BIOTECH LABORATORIES INDIA PVT. LTD.
BANGALORE.
+919035003471
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