Mr. Prateek Kumar Tiwari, Teaching Associate at Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, discusses about aquaculture and the management.
Aquaculture management is essential in agriculture sector as it helps in water utilisation and saving crops in the fields. It is important that we manage the aquaculture and manage the water which is a main rule in aquaculture management. We have to understand the present status of aquaculture and challenges in the sector, constraints, and prospects for fish and prawn farming in both global and Indian perspective. To maintain the GDP, role of agriculture is important, and aquaculture has a major role in balancing the GDP growth in agriculture and India. There are development processes, supports, and driving factors for production enhancement. As per the data 2020-21, the total production of aquaculture in inland water bodies is 11.5 MN MT and marine water bodies is 78.8 MN MT. Total capture is 90.3 MN MT. By 2025, we hope to take the production to a higher level. The per capita consumption of fish is 20.2 kg each year. The trade fish export is 59.8 MN MT. Since the quality fish is good, it plays a great role in improving our GDP and farmers’ income.
From the data about aquaculture production, we come to know that there is a steep rise in production, consumption related to population, and per capita consumption. India currently stands 6th among the world countries. PM Matsya Sampada Yojana targets the production level to increase better, but it is a challenge for the Indian farmers. We have to maintain the production of aquaculture between 5 to 10%, which is a challenge for the country, fishermen, and society.
In temperate areas, the production is 35.19 MN MT at a percentage of 45%. The tropical areas the production is 26.73 MN MT at 34%, upwelling areas with production of 16.41 MN MT at 21%, and marine water 78.79 MN MT. We can see the sharing of percentage among various regions. The marine capture production includes major species of finfish anchoveta, engroulis ringens, Alaska pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus, skipjack tuna with a total of 66734 tons. Crustaceans natation decapods net, gazami crab, akami paste shrimp form 5625 thousand tons.
The top major species produced in world aquaculture include grass carp, silver carp, Nile tilapia, common carp, bighead carp, catla, carssius, clarius catfish, striped catfish, and rohu which contribute around 49120.5 thousand MT. Of them Clarius catfish comes to 2.5%, grass carp and silver carp form 11.8% and 10% of total production. It is important to know that inland water capture production in China is 1.46 MN MT and forms 13%, India 1.80 MN MT. This totally depends on land water production. There are many major producing countries among which India stands first.
We can get all the data from India Handbook of Fisheries Statistics 2022. It provides all statistics about brackish water fisheries and other details about the current status of aquaculture in India. There has been a steady increase in fish production in India from 1980 -81 to 2021-22. There are many factors that have a role in this steady increase. We get all the data from state government, Union Territories, Department of Fisheries, and these help us understand marine and inland production which are placed at 162.48 lakh tons with percentage of 18.7% and 7.76% respectively. As per the graphical representation, many states contribute well to fish production. Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, and Karnataka, and each state participates in improving inland fish production.
Specific species like major carps, minor carps, exotic carps, Murrell, catfish, and a few more are cultivated in states and union territories such as Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, produce the carps fish more. Madhya Pradesh produces 1.91 lakh major carps, and minor carps 0.13 lakh tons. Major fish consumption is seen in Tripura, Kerala, Manipur, Odisha, Assam, and Madhya Pradesh.
The data from the government has a table which shows per capita consumption of prawn in each state since 2011, quantity in kg in rural and urban areas of the states. We have 47 major fishing harbours in India. Our fish production grows continuously, and it helps in improving the GDP. The fishery sector contributes 6.72% to the GDP with a turnover of 586.48 crores. It helps in improving the income of the farmers also.
Apart from the advantages of fisheries sector, it also faces lot of challenges, prominent among them being lack of funds, inadequate knowledge on fish and prawn farming, stunted growth, irregular water supply, predators, drought, lack of transport, theft, lack of manure, floods etc. There are a few schemes introduced to tackle the problem of lack of funds. Farmers are not literate enough to know about fish and prawn farming, so they face lot of problems, and ultimately lose interest in the culture of fish and prawn cultivation. Many areas in India are not connected to regular water supplying water bodies which is an important part of aquaculture. Attacks by predators also take a toll on the culture and production. Often it becomes a hard work for the farmers to save the culture from attacks by predators. Drought is another dangerous condition for aquaculture, and lack of transport affects transporting the yield to the market. Apart from these, theft, lack of manure, and floods also affect the sector badly. It is our prime duty to manage to solve the problems to save the yield.
There are many culture technologies for fish and prawn farming. Partitioned aquaculture system includes cage culture where we build cages to save the culture, pen culture, composite fish culture, raceway system, bio floc technology, recirculatory aquaculture system, and integrated multitrophic aquaculture. Pen and cage culture are widely used in fish and prawn culture practices. Bio floc technology is often correlated with fisheries. RAS system is a new one and is highly successful. IMTA is very important as we can practise the same in any condition for fisheries farming. We can use the waste material for the benefit of aquaculture. Recirculatory aquaculture system is used in locations where space and water are limited. It minimises the volume of effluent, facilitating waste recovery with increased control over the circular movement especially indoors and improves biosecurity, and is environmentally sustainable. Bio floc technology is very important in the current scenario. It is a new and expensive technique where toxins and selfies can be converted into protein rich foods such as nitrite and ammonia. It is a method used in aquaculture system with high stocking density and strong aeration. It is helpful in limited or zero water exchange under biota formed by bio floc. These are turning points in the current scenario.
Intensive and synergistic cultivation is possible when using water borne nutrients and energy transfer. Multitrophic means the various species at different trophic levels and different links. IMTA provides the bioproduct in waste water from one aquatic species as inputs to another. IMTA system uses the components such as seaweed and molluscs and extract the nutrients from the effluents to the feed components for fish or shrimp. Raceway system is also known as flow through system which is a simple one. It is an artificial channel used in aquaculture to culture aquatic organisms. It consists of rectangular basins or canals constructed with concrete and equipped with inlet and outlet. The flow through is maintained to provide the required water level which permits the fish to be cultured at a higher density within the raceway. Fresh water species like trout, catfish, and tilapia are commonly cultured in Raceways. It has a vital role when there is lot of water area present in the environment.
What is aquaculture, and how does it differ from traditional fishing?
Aquaculture is water growing. We have seen water present in dams and reservoirs and have the capacity to hold. We use this type of water in culture system for fisheries. It plays a major role in production system and generate income. It carries higher GDP percentage with agriculture. It is like a culture system but related to water culture. Aquaculture is based on aqua system, while other systems are based on other systems.
What are the main reasons for the growth of aquaculture as a global industry?
When we support farmers at all levels, schemes like PMMSY also help in farmers’ growth and related to fisheries culture. We know that the term relates to the particular type of farmers’ income, and also there are many challenges such as lack of funds. When we provide the fund to the farmers, it creates a large amount of growth and production. This in turn plays a major role at the global level and helps in improving our GDP and strengthens our country. The scientists and farmers should understand importance of fishery as it will create a huge potential in the field of aquaculture which will lead to better life and improved GDP at the global level. It will also help in narrowing down the gap in feeding the hungry at an affordable cost as lot of food requirement is expected in the coming years with increasing population. This gap cannot be fully managed by only agriculture products. We can create food using this type of culture system. We should have a dual potential to play a major role at the country and global levels, market level, production, and consumption which will cater to the needs of the human beings.
What are the environmental challenges associated with aquaculture, and how can they be mitigated?
Drought is a major challenge as the water levels in rivers and reservoirs are decreasing due to environmental factors. Some reasons such as distress, maintenance, and management of cleaning up of aquaculture areas are also causing challenges. The imbalance in the ecological system affects the aquaculture and the production which will be detrimental to aquaculture and water bodies.
How can disease management and biosecurity measures be implemented in aquaculture farms?
Farmers often witness the cultures being attacked by diseases, parasites, and other diseases which is dangerous for the health of the fish and income of the farmers. So we have to do regular maintenance of the water body, check the quality parameters, have knowledge of the farming techniques. Some training to impart knowledge about fisheries can save us from huge damage both financially and ecologically.
How does the choice of species impact aquaculture management strategies?
We should know fully about the species, culture qualities, the conditions good for the species which differ from state to state and area to area. There are different forms of fresh water aquaculture which plays a major role, and it should have good habitat conditions to grow well.
What role does water quality management play in successful aquaculture operations?
Water quality is essential for aquaculture operations. The overall maintenance of pH levels and other factors that indicate the water quality, if it is in good condition or bad condition is a primary requirement. We need to be alert before any harmful disease spreads in water to attack the culture. We should constantly monitor pH, dissolved oxygen content, biological conditions, and other parameters before growing fish culture. It will be greatly helpful if we can do the tests before the culture development as these parameters are needed for better analysis of water.
Prateek Kumar Tiwari
Email prateekkumartiwari26@gmail.com
Phone 7987262979
College of Fishery Science, NDVSU, Jabalpur, MP
Aquaculture management is essential in agriculture sector as it helps in water utilisation and saving crops in the fields. It is important that we manage the aquaculture and manage the water which is a main rule in aquaculture management. We have to understand the present status of aquaculture and challenges in the sector, constraints, and prospects for fish and prawn farming in both global and Indian perspective. To maintain the GDP, role of agriculture is important, and aquaculture has a major role in balancing the GDP growth in agriculture and India. There are development processes, supports, and driving factors for production enhancement. As per the data 2020-21, the total production of aquaculture in inland water bodies is 11.5 MN MT and marine water bodies is 78.8 MN MT. Total capture is 90.3 MN MT. By 2025, we hope to take the production to a higher level. The per capita consumption of fish is 20.2 kg each year. The trade fish export is 59.8 MN MT. Since the quality fish is good, it plays a great role in improving our GDP and farmers’ income.
From the data about aquaculture production, we come to know that there is a steep rise in production, consumption related to population, and per capita consumption. India currently stands 6th among the world countries. PM Matsya Sampada Yojana targets the production level to increase better, but it is a challenge for the Indian farmers. We have to maintain the production of aquaculture between 5 to 10%, which is a challenge for the country, fishermen, and society.
In temperate areas, the production is 35.19 MN MT at a percentage of 45%. The tropical areas the production is 26.73 MN MT at 34%, upwelling areas with production of 16.41 MN MT at 21%, and marine water 78.79 MN MT. We can see the sharing of percentage among various regions. The marine capture production includes major species of finfish anchoveta, engroulis ringens, Alaska pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus, skipjack tuna with a total of 66734 tons. Crustaceans natation decapods net, gazami crab, akami paste shrimp form 5625 thousand tons.
The top major species produced in world aquaculture include grass carp, silver carp, Nile tilapia, common carp, bighead carp, catla, carssius, clarius catfish, striped catfish, and rohu which contribute around 49120.5 thousand MT. Of them Clarius catfish comes to 2.5%, grass carp and silver carp form 11.8% and 10% of total production. It is important to know that inland water capture production in China is 1.46 MN MT and forms 13%, India 1.80 MN MT. This totally depends on land water production. There are many major producing countries among which India stands first.
We can get all the data from India Handbook of Fisheries Statistics 2022. It provides all statistics about brackish water fisheries and other details about the current status of aquaculture in India. There has been a steady increase in fish production in India from 1980 -81 to 2021-22. There are many factors that have a role in this steady increase. We get all the data from state government, Union Territories, Department of Fisheries, and these help us understand marine and inland production which are placed at 162.48 lakh tons with percentage of 18.7% and 7.76% respectively. As per the graphical representation, many states contribute well to fish production. Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, and Karnataka, and each state participates in improving inland fish production.
Specific species like major carps, minor carps, exotic carps, Murrell, catfish, and a few more are cultivated in states and union territories such as Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, produce the carps fish more. Madhya Pradesh produces 1.91 lakh major carps, and minor carps 0.13 lakh tons. Major fish consumption is seen in Tripura, Kerala, Manipur, Odisha, Assam, and Madhya Pradesh.
The data from the government has a table which shows per capita consumption of prawn in each state since 2011, quantity in kg in rural and urban areas of the states. We have 47 major fishing harbours in India. Our fish production grows continuously, and it helps in improving the GDP. The fishery sector contributes 6.72% to the GDP with a turnover of 586.48 crores. It helps in improving the income of the farmers also.
Apart from the advantages of fisheries sector, it also faces lot of challenges, prominent among them being lack of funds, inadequate knowledge on fish and prawn farming, stunted growth, irregular water supply, predators, drought, lack of transport, theft, lack of manure, floods etc. There are a few schemes introduced to tackle the problem of lack of funds. Farmers are not literate enough to know about fish and prawn farming, so they face lot of problems, and ultimately lose interest in the culture of fish and prawn cultivation. Many areas in India are not connected to regular water supplying water bodies which is an important part of aquaculture. Attacks by predators also take a toll on the culture and production. Often it becomes a hard work for the farmers to save the culture from attacks by predators. Drought is another dangerous condition for aquaculture, and lack of transport affects transporting the yield to the market. Apart from these, theft, lack of manure, and floods also affect the sector badly. It is our prime duty to manage to solve the problems to save the yield.
There are many culture technologies for fish and prawn farming. Partitioned aquaculture system includes cage culture where we build cages to save the culture, pen culture, composite fish culture, raceway system, bio floc technology, recirculatory aquaculture system, and integrated multitrophic aquaculture. Pen and cage culture are widely used in fish and prawn culture practices. Bio floc technology is often correlated with fisheries. RAS system is a new one and is highly successful. IMTA is very important as we can practise the same in any condition for fisheries farming. We can use the waste material for the benefit of aquaculture. Recirculatory aquaculture system is used in locations where space and water are limited. It minimises the volume of effluent, facilitating waste recovery with increased control over the circular movement especially indoors and improves biosecurity, and is environmentally sustainable. Bio floc technology is very important in the current scenario. It is a new and expensive technique where toxins and selfies can be converted into protein rich foods such as nitrite and ammonia. It is a method used in aquaculture system with high stocking density and strong aeration. It is helpful in limited or zero water exchange under biota formed by bio floc. These are turning points in the current scenario.
Intensive and synergistic cultivation is possible when using water borne nutrients and energy transfer. Multitrophic means the various species at different trophic levels and different links. IMTA provides the bioproduct in waste water from one aquatic species as inputs to another. IMTA system uses the components such as seaweed and molluscs and extract the nutrients from the effluents to the feed components for fish or shrimp. Raceway system is also known as flow through system which is a simple one. It is an artificial channel used in aquaculture to culture aquatic organisms. It consists of rectangular basins or canals constructed with concrete and equipped with inlet and outlet. The flow through is maintained to provide the required water level which permits the fish to be cultured at a higher density within the raceway. Fresh water species like trout, catfish, and tilapia are commonly cultured in Raceways. It has a vital role when there is lot of water area present in the environment.
What is aquaculture, and how does it differ from traditional fishing?
Aquaculture is water growing. We have seen water present in dams and reservoirs and have the capacity to hold. We use this type of water in culture system for fisheries. It plays a major role in production system and generate income. It carries higher GDP percentage with agriculture. It is like a culture system but related to water culture. Aquaculture is based on aqua system, while other systems are based on other systems.
What are the main reasons for the growth of aquaculture as a global industry?
When we support farmers at all levels, schemes like PMMSY also help in farmers’ growth and related to fisheries culture. We know that the term relates to the particular type of farmers’ income, and also there are many challenges such as lack of funds. When we provide the fund to the farmers, it creates a large amount of growth and production. This in turn plays a major role at the global level and helps in improving our GDP and strengthens our country. The scientists and farmers should understand importance of fishery as it will create a huge potential in the field of aquaculture which will lead to better life and improved GDP at the global level. It will also help in narrowing down the gap in feeding the hungry at an affordable cost as lot of food requirement is expected in the coming years with increasing population. This gap cannot be fully managed by only agriculture products. We can create food using this type of culture system. We should have a dual potential to play a major role at the country and global levels, market level, production, and consumption which will cater to the needs of the human beings.
What are the environmental challenges associated with aquaculture, and how can they be mitigated?
Drought is a major challenge as the water levels in rivers and reservoirs are decreasing due to environmental factors. Some reasons such as distress, maintenance, and management of cleaning up of aquaculture areas are also causing challenges. The imbalance in the ecological system affects the aquaculture and the production which will be detrimental to aquaculture and water bodies.
How can disease management and biosecurity measures be implemented in aquaculture farms?
Farmers often witness the cultures being attacked by diseases, parasites, and other diseases which is dangerous for the health of the fish and income of the farmers. So we have to do regular maintenance of the water body, check the quality parameters, have knowledge of the farming techniques. Some training to impart knowledge about fisheries can save us from huge damage both financially and ecologically.
How does the choice of species impact aquaculture management strategies?
We should know fully about the species, culture qualities, the conditions good for the species which differ from state to state and area to area. There are different forms of fresh water aquaculture which plays a major role, and it should have good habitat conditions to grow well.
What role does water quality management play in successful aquaculture operations?
Water quality is essential for aquaculture operations. The overall maintenance of pH levels and other factors that indicate the water quality, if it is in good condition or bad condition is a primary requirement. We need to be alert before any harmful disease spreads in water to attack the culture. We should constantly monitor pH, dissolved oxygen content, biological conditions, and other parameters before growing fish culture. It will be greatly helpful if we can do the tests before the culture development as these parameters are needed for better analysis of water.
Prateek Kumar Tiwari
Email prateekkumartiwari26@gmail.com
Phone 7987262979
College of Fishery Science, NDVSU, Jabalpur, MP