Research Article Influence of Amino Acids and Vitamins on Growth, Yield and Quality of Turmeric

[sou1994]

Influence of Amino Acids and Vitamins on Growth, Yield and Quality of Turmeric

 

[sou1994]

Influence of Amino Acids and Vitamins on Growth, Yield and Quality of Turmeric​

Souvick Banik, Ameda Swarnalatha, Ritika Biswas and Luwanghangham James Singh

Ph.D. Research Scholar, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal​

The current investigation entitled “Influence of amino acids and vitamins on growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L)” was carried out during 2023-24 and 2024-25 at Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal. Two experiments were laid out in randomized block design replicated thrice with a plot size of 3 m x 1 m, 15 cm height and spacing at 30 cm x 25 cm which accommodates 40 number of plants in each bed. In both the experiments, FYM @ 25 t ha-1 was applied during bed preparation and fertilized @ 150 : 60 : 150 kg NPK ha-1. Full dose of P2O5 and 1/3 of N were applied as basal, whereas each split of 1/3 of N and ½ K2O were applied at 45 and 90 days after planting. Seed rhizomes having the size of 30 g (approx.) were treated with fungicide and used for planting. Agronomic operations like mulching, weeding, irrigation were carried out during the growing period. Foliar application of amino acids and vitamins were done at 60, 90 and 120 days after planting in both the experiments (Abbass et al., 2018). The observations on growth parameters were recorded during four growth stages at 90, 120, 150 and days after planting. Yield parameters were recorded after harvesting and proper cleaning of clump.

Experiment 1: To optimize the dose of foliar application of amino acids for improving the yield and quality of turmeric

First experiment comprised of five amino acids i.e., glutamine, lysine, glycine, aspartic acid and phenyl alanine each with four different concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm) and untreated control. Among the growth parameters, the plants treated with glutamine 200 ppm recorded highest plant height (163.85 cm), tiller number (4.97), number of leaves (16.96), leaf length (85.17 cm) and weight of clump (432.73 g), length (22.28 cm) and breadth of clump (16.86 cm), primary fingers number (10.80); weight of secondary fingers (134.01 g) and weight of mother rhizome (55.5 g) in case of yield attributes. Maximum plot yield (15.32 kg plot-1) and projected yield (38.29 t ha-1), curcumin (6.41%), total curcumin yield (600.17 kg ha-1), oleoresin content (13.95%) and B:C ratio (1.73) was also found in glutamine 200 ppm. But in respect of highest number of secondary fingers (26.43) and total phenols content (74.98 mg GAE 100g-1) were associated with the glycine 200 ppm. Maximum weight of primary fingers was recorded in aspartic acid 200 ppm (248.77 g). Dry recovery was found highest in glycine 150 ppm (24.74 %) and leaf chlorophyll content was maximum in glutamine 150 ppm (4.49 mg g-1). The untreated control recorded the lowest values for most of the growth, yield and quality traits. Minimum plant height (122.53 cm), tiller number (3.17), leaf number (11.82), weight of clump (274.67 g), number of primary fingers (7.30), number of secondary fingers (15.02), plot yield (24.61 t ha-1), curcumin (4.99 %), chlorophyll content (3.55 mg g-1) and B:C ratio (0.79) were also observed in control.Considering the projected yield, total curcumin yield and B:C ratio the most effective treatment among the different amino acids is glutamine 200 ppm, followed by aspartic acid 200 ppm towards improving the production of turmeric.



Experiment - 2: To standardize the dose of foliar application of vitamins for improving the yield and quality of turmeric

Second experiment consists of four different vitamins i.e., ascorbic acid, thiamine, folate and niacin each at 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm concentrations along with control sprayed with distilled water. Among the treatments, highest plant height (169.86 cm), length of leaf (81.94 cm), breadth of leaf (18.35 cm), weight of clump (390.51 g), length of clump (21.82 cm), number of primary fingers (10.86) and weight of secondary fingers (127.97 g) were recorded in ascorbic acid 100 ppm. The yield per plot (14.96 kg plot-1) and projected yield (37.39 t ha-1), curcumin (6.30 %), total curcumin yield (568.95 kg ha-1), total chlorophyll content (4.38 mg g-1) and highest B: C ratio (1.70) was also associated with same treatment. Apart from that, the foliar application of foliate 100 ppm recorded maximum number of tillers (4.54) and leaves (16.56), clump breadth (16.38), weight of primary fingers (218.45 g) and length of the primary fingers (9.52 cm), number of secondary fingers (21.01), dry recovery (24.42%), total phenols content (73.79 mg GAE 100g-1) and oleoresin (13.67%). Maximum breadth of secondary fingers (1.60 cm) was observed in thiamine 50 ppm and maximum weight of mother rhizome (55.83 g) was noted in thiamine 100 ppm.

The plants under untreated control recorded the lowest plant height (141.09 cm), leaf length (67.53 cm) and breadth (15.58 cm), weight of clump (269.86 g), clump length (16.45 cm) and breadth (15.58 cm), weight of clump (269.86 g), clump length (16.45 cm) and breadth (12.46 cm), primary fingers weight (163.01 g) and length (6.72 cm), secondary finger number (11.25) and weight (75.45 g), plot yield (10.37 kg plot-1) and projected yield (25.93 t ha-1), curcumin (5.22%), total phenols (66.12 mg GAE 100g-1), oleoresin (11.33%) and total chlorophyll content (3.52 mg g-1) and lowest B: C ratio (0.88) also observed in control.

The lowest number of leaves (11.46), weight of mother rhizome (32.69 g) and breadth of secondary fingers (1.60 cm) was recorded under foliar spraying of niacin 25 ppm. The minimum numbers of tillers (3.24) and less primary finger breadth (1.82 cm) was observed in folate 25 ppm and lowest number of primary fingers and dry recovery found in niacin 50 ppm.

Considering the projected yield, total curcumin yield and B:C ratio the most effective treatment is ascorbic acid 100 ppm, followed by folate 100ppm towards enhancing the production of turmeric.







Reference

Abbass, J.A., Al-Zurfi, M.T.H. and Bader, K. S. M. (2018). Effect of spraying activated dry yeast extract and Vitamin B3 on growth characteristics of stock plant (Mathiola incana L). Acad. J. Agric. Res. 6(5): 142-147.