(1) Feed should be balanced and offered twice a day with 8-10 hours interval.
(2) Cattle and buffalo require dry matter daily @2.5 kg and 3.0 kg/100kg body weight, respectively.
(3) About 2/3 parts from dry +green roughages and 1/3 part of total dry matter need should be fulfilled with concentrate mixture.
(4) If green fodder is in practice of feeding the animal, concentrate mixture should have 11-12 % protein. If there is no green fodder then atleast 18% protein must be in...

Since cattle and buffaloes are ruminants, crude fiber is very important in their ration because they need acetic acid for maintaining normal milk fat % as well as total milk production. Acetic acid and other volatile fatty acids originate from fermentation of cellulose of feed in the rumen. Conventionally a cattle or buffalo is fed about 30 to 40 kg green and 4 to 5 kg dry fodder per day as a basic ration. 1 kg concentrate/day is fed to dry animals to meet maintenance requirements. Additional 1...

Cattle or Ox:I
t is a general term that signifies all the members of the cow species ie., cow, bull, bullock, heifer and calves etc.

Cow:
A female of bovine species that has calved at least once.

Buffalo:
A female of butaline species that has calved at least once.

Bull:
An uncastrated sexually matured male of the species under question.

Stud bull or breeding bull:
The bull that is used for breeding purpose....

Sanjeevan system used for stimulation of extraction of silica:

Balanced nutrition is the base of healthy crop. Among these nutrients silica is one of the most crucial nutrient, which plays a major role in making the crop resistant to insect and fungus attack. The author believes that the importance of silica has not been properly communicated by scientists to farmers.

Silica is one of the essential materials from which the soil is formed. Silica plays an important role...

Dairy farmers make management decisions each season about which cow to replace. At present dairy farmers can use the production index. This is an historical measurement of a cow's milk fat production ranking, free from the influences of herd environment, age, stage of lactation and herd genetic level. A dynamic programming method is outlined, which incorporates genetic, reproductive and economic information. This method ranks cows according to their present annual value. A sensitivity analysis was...